Analysis on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

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A hydrogen fuel cell refers to a device in which hydrogen generates electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen (a "hydrogen internal combustion engine" driven solely by combustion of hydrogen, which has also appeared, such as BMW's hydrogen energy 7 series). The driving force of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comes from a motor like a pure electric vehicle. Therefore, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can be understood as a "electric vehicle with a hydrogen fuel generator." Let's take a look at the related content with the car electronics editor.

Analysis on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

In May of this year, 11 Japanese companies signed a memorandum of understanding to build a hydrogen refueling station in Japan to promote the “Strategy Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells” previously issued by the Japanese government. The British government announced in April that it would invest 23 million pounds to complete the infrastructure of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

On June 25, Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang delivered a speech in Changchun, Jilin Province, which helped the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to “circulate” in China. He said that hydrogen has the characteristics of wide source, large-scale stable storage, continuous supply, long-distance transportation, and rapid replenishment. "In the future, vehicle fuel, hydrogen fuel and electricity will coexist and complement each other to jointly support the development of new energy automobile industry."

New energy vehicle market, one must have one in three worlds

"In the future, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will account for one of the three-point world markets for new energy vehicles!" Talking about it, researcher at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chairman of the National Fuel Cell and Flow Battery Standards Committee, Yi Baolian Academicians are hard to hide.

Although in the hearts of ordinary people, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are still not revealing, but in the eyes of many experts, it will play a pivotal role in the future of the new energy vehicle market.

This must start with the principle of hydrogen fuel cells. A hydrogen fuel cell is actually a power generation device, and its fuel is hydrogen. Hydrogen enters from the anode of the fuel cell, and oxygen enters from the cathode. Under the action of the catalyst, hydrogen and oxygen react chemically to form an electric current and generate water.

“It can achieve zero emissions and special environmental protection.” Yi Baolian said that compared with ordinary cars, cars with hydrogen fuel cells as engines have obvious advantages. Even with electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are remarkable.

According to Yi Baolian, the general electric vehicle is limited by the battery storage energy. The charging range of charging once is about 200 kilometers, and the charging time is also several hours. The user has “charging anxiety”. “While hydrogenation and refueling, it only takes a few minutes, and the additional driving mileage can reach 500-700 km.”

For this reason, in the development of the “three vertical and three horizontal” new energy vehicles established in China, fuel cell vehicles have been listed as “three verticals” along with hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles – even though they are in line with the other “two verticals”. Compared with the development trend of fuel cell vehicles, it has been a bit low-key.

Encouragingly, the "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries" has once again placed great hopes on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and proposes to achieve mass production and scale demonstration of fuel cell vehicles by 2020. In terms of subsidy policy, the amount of subsidies for other “two verticals” will be greatly degraded from 2016 to 2020, but the subsidy for fuel cell vehicles will not be reduced, and some models will increase.

The first year of industrialization has arrived, and there is still a gap between the level and foreign countries.

"Now more and more companies in China are paying attention to fuel cells, which is a situation that was not available before." Hu Liqing, general manager of Shanghai Shenli Technology Co., Ltd., has been targeting the hydrogen fuel cell industry many years ago, and the industry dynamics of the last two years have especially made him feel happy.

In 2014, Toyota announced that its hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has entered the market and is only slightly more expensive than a lithium battery car. Yi Baolian told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that in China, Foshan, Rugao, Zhengzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other places have begun the demonstration operation of hydrogen fuel cell buses.

"If 2015 is the first year of the world's fuel cell vehicle industrialization, 2017 can be regarded as the first year of China's fuel cell vehicle industrialization." Yi Baolian said. He revealed that domestic large auto companies such as SAIC, FAW and Second Automobile have started planning, designing or producing 100-class fuel cell vehicles for the market. In addition, the Beijing Winter Olympics will also carry out demonstration operations of fuel cell buses.

At the same time, it should be noted that the current domestic hydrogen fuel cell industry is still at a distance from the international advanced level.

As an industrial person, Hu Liqing's feeling is that the key materials of domestic hydrogen fuel cells, the production lines of related parts and components, and production processes are scarce. In Japan, companies in all parts of the fuel cell industry are doing this, which is very beneficial for fuel cells to reduce costs and promote industrialization.

“Domestic hydrogen fuel cell technology has basically laid the foundation after more than ten years of research and development, but many key materials and components have not yet left the laboratory.” Zhang Tong, director of the Academic Committee of Tongji University Automotive College, was interviewed by Science and Technology Daily. Say.

Ouyang Minggao, director of the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, told reporters that the most fundamental and fundamental technology in hydrogen fuel cell technology is the membrane electrode, which is equivalent to the chip of computers and mobile phones, while the domestic membrane electrode is durable. Performance has yet to be improved. "At present, the life of domestic membrane electrode can reach 8000 hours, and the best level in the world is more than 10,000 hours, which directly determines the life of hydrogen fuel cell."

"Although our country began to develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles more than a decade ago, at the time, most automakers took a wait-and-see attitude. Only a few fuel cell companies were alone, and industrialization was not enough." Hu Liqing introduced the reasons for this. In contrast, Toyota Japan has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in this field every year.

Now, the policy is positive, domestic auto companies are also actively participating, which makes Hu Liqing more optimistic about the prospects of the hydrogen fuel cell industry.

Perfecting the industrial chain must be laid out from the perspective of energy strategy

"Now the domestic hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are in the transitional stage from demonstration, assessment to industrialization." Ouyang Minggao believes that the fuel cell technology threshold is high, the difficulty is high, the technology chain involved is long, and the full-scale commercialization still needs time. day. However, commercial breakthroughs can be pioneered in some areas.

This part of the field mentioned by Ouyang Minggao refers to the field of commercial vehicles such as city buses. This is also the fastest growing segment of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell industry.

The reason for starting from these areas, rather than starting with a family car like Toyota Japan, is that these areas are easier to cut. Zhang Tong explained that the requirements for the volume, energy density and reliability of hydrogen fuel cells in urban buses are lower than those in domestic cars. "For example, in general, the domestic hydrogen fuel cell is twice as large as Toyota's hydrogen fuel cell, and it is not a big problem on the bus, but it is very cumbersome to put on a car."

Ouyang Minggao is optimistic about this industrialization route with "Chinese characteristics." He told reporters that Toyota's hydrogen fuel cell cars sold hundreds of units last year, and China's fuel cell buses have reached 100 levels. Ouyang Minggao believes that the total number of domestic passenger cars and extended-range fuel cell vehicles for domestic hydrogen fuel cells may exceed Toyota in one or two years, reaching 1,000 levels.

“The key is that enterprises should increase their investment.” Zhang Tong believes that Europe, North America and Japan are all taking the lead in how to further cultivate the maturity of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell industry. If companies do not invest in research and development, they only hope that Government policy support and investment in research funding can't do anything.

From a more macro perspective, Zhang Tong suggested that the state should not only formulate policies on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, but also formally use hydrogen as an important part of the energy structure to plan the preparation, transportation, storage and utilization of hydrogen.

Hu Liqing told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that hydrogen is not only relatively clean, but also has a wide range of sources. Like electric energy, it belongs to the “universal currency” of energy. It only collects the industrial by-product hydrogen discharged from chemical fertilizer plants and coking plants in China. Ten million hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are in operation. "But until now hydrogen is still only regarded as a chemical raw material in the national energy structure, not a fuel." Zhang Tong said.

The above is about the introduction of the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in automotive electronics. If you want to know more information, please pay more attention, electronic engineering will provide you with more complete, more detailed and updated information.