Interpretation of Problems Faced by Development of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation in China

Energy is an important foundation for the development of human society. After more than 100 years of change since the Industrial Revolution, global energy structures dominated by fossil fuels such as coal and oil have been formed. At present, fossil energy consumption accounts for 88% of all energy consumption. This type of energy consumption, which is dominated by fossil energy sources, poses significant hidden dangers to the sustainable development of human society. It is manifested in the contradiction between the limited resources and the unlimited consumption, and the production and consumption of fossil energy. the effect on the environment. The development and utilization of renewable energy has become the only way to deal with the increasingly severe energy and environmental problems.

Photovoltaic power generation is an important form of solar energy utilization

The sun is like a burning fireball. Its energy is derived from its internal thermonuclear reaction. The energy released per second is equivalent to the energy emitted from the burning of 1.32 trillion tons of standard coal. It transmits radiation in the form of 1. 500 million kilometers of the earth. According to estimates, after the loss along the way and the absorption and reflection of the atmosphere, the energy reaching the earth's surface each year is equivalent to 35,000 times of the current global energy consumption , of which only about 0.02% of the energy is absorbed by various plants, and the potential for solar energy utilization is very high. Big is the most important human renewable energy resource.

Photovoltaic power generation is a solid-state power generation technology that converts solar energy directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. Compared with conventional power generation technology, photovoltaic power generation has no intermediate conversion process, and its power generation form is extremely simple. The power generation process does not consume resources, does not emit greenhouse gases, waste gas, and waste water. It is environmentally friendly; there are no mechanical rotating parts, there is no mechanical wear, no noise, Power generation does not use cooling water; power generation equipment can be installed in the desert without water, and can also be installed on the roofs and walls of the city. It does not occupy a separate land, and is modular in structure, free in size, simple in operation and maintenance, and easy to manage. On duty, maintenance costs are extremely low. In particular, solar energy is inexhaustible, and the silicon resources required for photovoltaic cell manufacturing are as high as 26% in the earth's crust. There is no shortage of resources and exhaustion. Photovoltaic power generation is the most promising power generation technology and an important form of solar energy utilization. In recent years, the global photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly, growing rapidly at an average annual rate of over 30% . By the end of 2009 , the global photovoltaic power generation capacity has exceeded 20 million kilowatts. The competitiveness of photovoltaic power generation has continuously increased and it has become the most valued in the world. New energy power generation technology.

The rapid development of China's solar photovoltaic industry

Under the support of the “ Power Transmission to Township ” project in 2002 , China's photovoltaic industry started quickly. Driven by the European photovoltaic power generation market, China's photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly since 2004 . The output of solar cells has doubled in five consecutive years. From 2007 to 2009 , the output of batteries ranked first in the world for three consecutive years. At present, there are 12 overseas listed photovoltaic companies and 13 domestic listed companies. In 2009 , the output of solar cells has exceeded 4 million kilowatts, accounting for 40% of the world's photovoltaic cell production. At present, China's solar photovoltaic industry has formed a complete industrial chain of polysilicon production, ingot casting, wafer cutting, battery manufacturing, component packaging, and power station integration. The localization rate of major production equipment is continuously rising, and the battery production technology level and battery conversion efficiency are continuously improving. It has made important contributions to improving the market competitiveness of photovoltaic power generation.

Due to the shortage of polysilicon materials and the impact of high prices, many enterprises in China have been actively investing in polysilicon production in recent years. Through independent research and development, system integration and innovation, the company has basically mastered the production technology of high-purity polysilicon materials within a short period of 3 to 5 years, which has rapidly expanded the size of China's polysilicon industry. According to preliminary statistics, China has put into polysilicon enterprises have 24, there are 28 under construction, the design has been completed and the project capacity of over 40,000 tons in 2009, the actual output of about 20,000 tons, the design capacity of 60,000 projects under construction More than 10,000 tons, all completed to meet the production of more than 10 million kilowatts of battery production needs, breaking the foreign long-term high purity polysilicon production technology blockade.

This is a remarkable achievement and will provide important conditions for the healthy development of China's photovoltaic power generation industry.

The main problems faced by China's photovoltaic power generation

Photovoltaic power generation is currently the most mature solar energy utilization technology. It has already played an important role in decentralized and small-scale power consumption, such as communications, road lighting, and electricity consumption in remote areas, and is currently developing toward large-scale grid-connected power generation. Photovoltaic power generation technology is mature, and the construction and operation management of photovoltaic power plants is simple. At present, the main reasons that restrict the large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation are costs.
In recent years, progress with the improvement of efficiency and a substantial decline in the price of polysilicon materials, and battery production technology, photovoltaic power generation costs have dropped significantly, as the tender price Dunhuang 10,000 kilowatts of photovoltaic power plants has dropped to 1.09 yuan per kilowatt-hour, but power generation The cost is still much higher than conventional electricity. In order to achieve large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation, it is necessary to significantly reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation and achieve basic parity access.

In addition, from the perspective of China's energy distribution and electricity market characteristics, the market for photovoltaic power generation should be given priority in large and medium-sized cities with a lack of resources and high power consumption. In particular, a distributed solar photovoltaic power generation system integrated with buildings should be developed. However, the construction and operation of this distributed solar photovoltaic power generation system still lacks the necessary grid-connected technical standards and management requirements. The policy system and operating mechanism for the operation of distributed power access to the power grid have not yet been established. The difficulty in grid-connected photovoltaic power generation is also an important factor that restricts the development of photovoltaic power generation. This is also closely related to the high cost of photovoltaic power generation.

The main ideas for promoting the development of photovoltaic power generation in China

Photovoltaic power generation is the most promising new energy power generation technology. According to different domestic and foreign institutions, by the end of this century, solar energy will become the main energy source for human society, accounting for about 80% of all energy consumption, but it is still difficult to To the main role. The main task for the current development of photovoltaic power generation should be to combine the use of electricity in special regions and special industries to cultivate the necessary photovoltaic power generation market, carry out necessary tests and demonstration projects, promote the progress of photovoltaic power generation technology and industrial development, and increase photovoltaic power generation. Market competitiveness, establish a power operation management system adapted to the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation technology.

At present, there are mainly three forms of solar photovoltaic power generation in China: First, large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants; second, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems combined with buildings; and third, independent photovoltaic power generation systems. According to three types of different operating characteristics, a large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power station with a moderate scale will be built in regions with abundant solar energy, deserted and idle land resources, and distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems combined with buildings will be promoted in most cities and towns; In remote areas, combined with solving the problem of electricity consumption of population in areas without electricity, we will promote household photovoltaic power generation systems or build independent small-scale photovoltaic power plants. 2010 will be the basis of the Dunhuang project of 10,000 kilowatts of photovoltaic power plant concession in 2009 on the summary, in the western region rich in solar energy resources, continue to build the concession tender on a larger scale solar photovoltaic power plants, with a total construction scale to more than 200,000 kilowatt. At the same time, it will continue to carry out the " Golden Sun Project " construction, pay close attention to research and development of distributed photovoltaic power generation technology standards, and establish a distributed photovoltaic power generation system construction and operation management system. In addition, a number of household photovoltaic systems and stand-alone photovoltaic power stations will be built in conjunction with the solution to the issue of power use by the population without electricity in the western region, and the issue of power consumption by people without electricity will be expedited. It also encourages the use of photovoltaic power sources in areas such as communications, transportation, and lighting to diversify the use of energy.

In general, the task of promoting the development of photovoltaic power generation is very arduous. The challenges and constraints are also great. There are both technical and regulatory constraints. The core is the relatively high cost of construction. In the future, we must make greater efforts to promote photovoltaic power generation technology and take the market competitiveness of photovoltaic power generation as a focal point. In an active and orderly manner, we will promote the sustained and healthy development of the photovoltaic power generation industry. Environmentally-friendly society makes a positive contribution.