Automotive engine cooling systems play a vital role in automotive vehicle power systems. It can be said that the engine is like the heart of human beings. If it is not well protected, it will be threatened. The cooling system can reasonably temperature when the engine is working. Regulation and control (automobile engine construction) keeps the engine components at normal operating temperatures for optimum power output and good fuel economy. Without the help of a cooling system, the engine will not function properly. So what is the function of the car engine cooling system? Xiao Bian simply summarizes the functions of the car engine cooling system and its fault maintenance knowledge by collecting and sorting data.
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Introduction to the function of the car engine refrigeration system
The function of the car engine cooling system is to take away the heat generated by the engine and keep the engine within the normal operating temperature range. In all cases, ensuring that the engine is operating at the optimum temperature, the suitability and suitability of the cooling system will directly affect the engine's power performance, service life and fuel economy. The data shows that the engine cooling system has the highest failure rate in all vehicle failures. It can be seen that the cooling system plays an important role in the engine.
According to the cooling method, the engine can be divided into an air-cooled engine and a water-cooled engine. The air-cooled engine is used to drive the fan and the airflow when the vehicle is running to cool the engine. The water-cooled engine is cooled by circulating cooling water in the engine. engine. Regardless of the cooling method used, the normal cooling system must ensure that the engine does not overheat in all driving environments.
Construction and maintenance of automotive engine cooling system
The cooling system of the automobile engine is an important part to keep the engine working normally. If the maintenance rate of the engine cooling system is high, it will cause damage to other parts of the engine and affect the overall working capacity of the engine. Therefore, maintenance of the engine cooling system of the engine And maintenance is particularly important, then, how can we keep the cooling system of the car engine in good condition? Chi Nipp’s car beauty maintenance experts told us that the engine cooling system is properly stacked.
First of all, you should understand the main components of commonly used water-cooled engines:
First, the coolant,
Coolant refers to clean soft water. Not all water can be used as coolant. The more expensive the car, the higher the water quality requirements. For example, the clear spring water, although clear and looks clean, but the spring water contains a lot of minerals, if added to the engine's cooling system, it will produce a lot of scale, affecting the normal function of the cooling system, visible, coolant The quality of water is very important. The glycol-type coolant commonly used in the world is to add antifreeze glycol in proportion to softened water, with appropriate amount of metal corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitor and other additives for scientific reconciliation. It can prevent freezing in winter, anti-boiling in summer, and can prevent corrosion and scale.
1. Antifreeze.
The coolant prepared with ethylene glycol can be used at a minimum of -70 ° C. The concentration of ethylene glycol sold in the market is generally between 33% and 50%, that is, the freezing point is between -20 °C and -45 °C, which is reasonably selected according to the actual needs of different regions to meet the requirements for use.
2, anti-boiling.
Ethylene glycol added to the water changes the boiling point of the coolant. The higher the concentration of ethylene glycol, the higher the boiling point of the coolant. The boiling point of the coolant at -20 ° C is 104.5 ° C, and the boiling point at 50 ° C reaches 108.5 ° C. If the cooling system uses a pressure cap, the actual boiling point of the coolant will be higher, even in the hot summer, it can effectively prevent the coolant from "opening".
3, anti-corrosion.
The primary function of the coolant is to prevent corrosion. Corrosion is a chemical, electrochemical and etching process that gradually destroys the metal surface in the cooling system. In severe cases, the wall of the cooling system can be perforated, causing loss of coolant and engine damage. The use of deionized water and appropriate additives can prevent the appearance of various types of corrosion.
4, anti-rust.
Corrosion is caused by oxidation in the cooling system. Heat and moisture accelerate the process of rust. The residue left by the rust can block the cooling system, accelerate wear and reduce the efficiency of heat transfer. Additives in the coolant help prevent corrosion in the cooling system channels.
5, anti-scale.
Various impurities contained in the water source, including metal ions and inorganic salts, determine the formation of scale and precipitate, which greatly reduces the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling system and, in many cases, causes serious damage to the engine. The deionized water used in the coolant protects the engine by avoiding the formation of scale and deposits.
Second, the cylinder water jacket,
It is equivalent to the water channel around the engine combustion chamber. When the engine generates a lot of heat, the cylinder water jacket will play a role in cooling the engine. The water and oil pipelines are distinct and do not interfere with each other. If oil is found in the coolant, It indicates that the waterway and the oil circuit have been pierced. Once this happens, the water temperature of the water temperature meter will rise sharply. At this time, measures must be taken in time.
Third, the cooling water tank and the cooling fan,
The heat-dissipating water tank looks like a honeycomb from the outside, and the shape is made to increase the heat-dissipating area of ​​the water tank to enhance the heat-dissipating effect; the cooling fan is installed on the front side and also on the side, and the cooling fan is in the process of high-speed driving. The outside air is attracted in, and the natural wind is used to cool. The fan common to the cooling system and the air conditioner condenser is a DC permanent magnet motor fan, which is controlled by a temperature control switch mounted on the radiator. When the temperature of the coolant in the radiator drops to 93 ° C - 98 ° C, the fan stops. Since the power supply of the electric fan is not controlled by the ignition switch, if the liquid temperature in the radiator is higher than 88 ° C - 93 ° C after the engine is turned off, the electric fan is not operating normally. If the fan is still rotating when it is lower than 88 ° C, it is not normal; and when the temperature is higher than 98 ° C, it is not normal to still not turn. When the temperature is higher than 105 °C, the high temperature part of the temperature control switch is turned on, the power is turned on, and the motor runs at high speed; when the temperature reaches 120 °C, the cooling water temperature is too high, the alarm indicator light is shining, the fan is faulty or the coolant is insufficient. . If the motor fan does not turn, check and replace the fuse, or repair the temperature control switch, and if necessary, check the fan for damage.
Fourth, the cooling water pump and the thermostat,
The flow of the coolant in the cooling system depends mainly on the power of the cooling water pump; the thermostat can sense the operating temperature of the engine. At low temperatures, it seals the water in the water jacket and causes it to flow in the water jacket when it reaches a certain temperature. When you turn it on again, let the water pass through the cooling water tank to exert heat dissipation. It is worth noting here that the thermostat should not be removed, otherwise the engine will be too cold and difficult to start.
Proper maintenance of the engine's cooling system should be aware of several cooling system failures that often occur:
1. Because the water quality of the coolant is not good, rust and scale will often appear in the water tank. They accumulate in the joints and corners of the water tank channel, hinder the smooth flow of water, and cause poor heat dissipation. If this happens, it should be cleaned in time. When adding water every day, try to add clean soft water. If you use descaling anti-rust liquid, the curing effect will be better. Here, we recommend the S-510 cooling system fast descaling agent, which can quickly dissolve the cooling system. Scale, sludge and scale, restore the function of the cooling system, make the coolant circulation smooth, prevent engine damage and power shortage caused by overheating, boiling;
In addition, Chi Ning's S-520 cooling system anti-rust lubricant is also a good product, it can prevent corrosion and corrosion of the cooling system, effectively inhibit scale formation, lubrication pump, thermostat, eliminate pump noise, protect copper , aluminum, tin and other metal parts, extend the life of the tank, prevent the tank from boiling, and allow the engine to work at normal temperatures. To remove the cooling scale during maintenance: use 2% caustic soda aqueous solution to add to the cooling system, let the car run out after one day, then rinse with water; then add the same caustic soda solution, use it after one day, and finally rinse with water. The net is fine. After filling the cooling system with clean water, add 1kg of soda from the water inlet of the expansion tank, let the car run for a day, let the engine run at low speed, and continuously add water from the water inlet to completely remove the scale.
2. Leakage, as long as it is fluid, there is a possibility of leakage. Once the water in the cylinder water jacket leaks, the water temperature of the water temperature meter will rise sharply. In this case, you must take necessary measures in time to avoid accidents. The necessary troubles, here to introduce you to Chi Nip's S-530 cooling system leakage agent, its repair and protection of the cooling system is equivalent to "99 super strong repair agent" and "S-201", for engine repair And protection, unique to prevent leakage of water tanks, radiators, water pumps, thermostats, etc. It can be used with any cooling liquid and can slow down the generation of impurities in the cooling system. In general, there are many faults in the cooling system, which cannot be enumerated one by one. Under normal circumstances, the owners should follow the principle that the vehicle should check the working condition of the engine every time it travels 1000 kilometers. In addition, when the car just stops, do not open the tank cover immediately to avoid burns.
Overhaul of automobile engine cooling system
Common causes of engine overheating are: reduced cooling air flow (such as radiator blockage); cooling fan does not work; low speed uphill, ambient temperature is too high; V-belt is too loose, poor rotation efficiency; and the cylinder has scale, The thermostat fails, the pump is damaged, and the thermal switch fails. In order to prevent the coolant temperature from being too high, it is necessary to keep the radiator and water jacket clean, the amount of coolant is sufficient, and the fan belt is properly tensioned during use to prevent the engine from working too long during the load. The following points must be noted:
1. Keeping the external and internal cleaning of the cooling system (especially the radiator) is an important condition for improving the heat dissipation performance. The outside of the radiator is stained with mud or collided, which affects the flow of air, making the temperature of the coolant too high, and cleaning or repairing if necessary.
2. Use antifreeze coolant as required to keep the amount of coolant sufficient. Correct coolant level: When the engine is cold, the coolant level is in the expansion tank, between the highest and lowest signs. The automatic liquid level alarm sensor is installed in the expansion tank. When the liquid level in the tank is too low, the temperature warning light of the coolant located on the instrument panel should be added in time.
3. The fan belt tension should be maintained properly and the fan should work normally. The loose belt affects the water circulation and aggravates its wear; too tight and easily damages the bearing.
4. The thermal switch is well connected. If it is loose, it will affect the fan shifting and normal operation. If the cooling system overflows, the technical status of the thermostat should be checked in time.
5. Prevent the engine from being overloaded and working for a long time, so as to avoid the water temperature being too high; shifting uphill in time to reduce the load. When the car is driving on a long ramp, blocking low or when the ambient temperature is high, pay attention to heat dissipation. When replacing the coolant, turn the heater switch of the instrument panel to the right end to fully open the heater control valve, remove the coolant expansion tank cover, loosen the hose clamp of the water pump, pull out the coolant hose, and discharge the coolant. Then tighten the hose clamp. Add coolant to the expansion tank until the liquid level is flush with the highest mark. Tighten the expansion tank cover. Start the engine until the fan is running, turn off the engine, check the coolant level, and replenish if necessary. The coolant in the expansion tank should not be filled, and it can be filled with 1/2. It is usually replaced once every 2 years.
The most common type of winter cooling system is that the engine's cylinder block and water tank are cracked. The main reason for this serious consequence is that the owner does not use or choose the appropriate antifreeze. When the engine stops working in winter: if the temperature is lower than 0 °C, the water will freeze and expand; if the temperature is lower than the freezing point of the selected antifreeze, the water will freeze and expand, causing the tank to freeze and the engine will not run. .
to sum up
Through the above introduction, we know that in the cold winter, the correct maintenance of the cooling system plays a vital role in the safe operation of the car. This paper briefly introduces the functions of the engine cooling system, the main components of the water-cooled engine, and the maintenance of the engine cooling system.
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