1. Switch rejection model identification
In 1983, the Ministry of Electrical and Mechanical Services developed the standard for the JB/DQ4085 switchgear model. The new products developed since then have been modeled according to this regulation, making the model management scientific.
There are two types of switchgear: one is the product model, and the letters are used to represent the product name, structural characteristics, place of use, design sequence number (issued by the industry's centralized department), rated voltage and improved code. The other type is called the full model, which is composed of the product model and then the specific specifications, parameters, and environmental characteristics. The product model is as follows:
â–¡â–¡â–¡â–¡-â–¡â–¡
From left to right, 123456 is used to represent the above six â–¡, and the meanings of the six â–¡ representatives are:
1 product name; 2 structural features; 3 use place; 4 design series serial number; 5 rated voltage KV; 6 improved code. For example, the meanings of the various representatives in XGN2-12(Z) are: X-box type high voltage switchgear, G-fixed, N-indoor, 2-design serial number, 12-12KV, (Z)-circuit breaker type (vacuum ). The meaning of the 123-bit symbol is as follows:
1Product Name 2Structural Features 3Used Station Fixed Disconnected Indoor User GYNW Box Switchgear XXGXYXGN, XYN Interval Switchgear JJYJYN Armored Switchgear KKGKYKGN, KYN
2. Introduction to the structure of the switchgear
Several common vacuum switchgear structures are:
1) Semi-closed fixed vacuum switch rejects GG-1A (F) Z type.
2) Box type fixed vacuum switchgear
a. XGN-10 (Z) type switchgear. The down conductor exits from the busbar room and is connected to the upper terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker via the GN30 rotary isolating switch. The lower terminal is connected to the lower rotary isolating switch GN30 through the current transformer and enters the cable compartment.
Circuit breakers are mostly used in split type, such as ZN28A (some manufacturers switch to integral switches), which is the most widely used type of cabinet.
b. The GGX2--10 (ie XGN66-10) type switch is rejected. The main feature of the cabinet is the use of "coaxial rotary multi-channel intermittent transmission mechanism". Rotating a rotating shaft can operate 3 to 4 levers. According to a fixed procedure, the isolating switch and the grounding switch are operated in sequence, naturally forming switches and switches. The interlocking relationship between the programs will never be confusing. The mechanism is rotated by the auxiliary handle of the switch cabinet into the square hole.
3) Interval handcart switch refuses JYNâ–¡-10
The compartment hand truck switchgear is structurally divided into four small rooms: an instrument room, a circuit breaker handcart room, a busbar room and a cable room. There is a plate between the four chambers. Most of the partitions are made of grounded metal plates. Only the insulating material plate is used in the vicinity of the plug-in bushing of the circuit breaker to solve the problem of grounding insulation. It is called the interval switch rejection.
4) Armored vacuum handcart cabinet KYNâ–¡-10 type
The armored type is developed from the interval and has a similar structure, but all the partitions are grounded metal plates for higher safety. The operating mechanism can be either electromagnetic (CD17) or spring mechanism (CT17 or CT19).
5) Center-mounted armored car cabinet
This is also a type of removable vacuum cabinet that was developed to improve some of the problems of floor-standing hand truck cabinets.
The starting point of the center is to reduce the height of the circuit breaker to the ground, and move the rails on the ground to the middle partition. The centering of the circuit breaker isolation plug is easier to ensure, the weight of the trolley is greatly reduced, and the circuit breaker is interchanged. Sex is also better. The center-mounted hand truck cabinet uses a more expensive integral insulating molded part, a fully enclosed integral vacuum circuit breaker (such as ABB's WX type) or a semi-closed vacuum circuit breaker (such as Toshiba's VK type), plus a cabinet. The process is complicated and requires high precision, so the price is very expensive.
3. Selection of vacuum switchgear
In substations and power distribution stations, to complete the task of receiving and distributing power to different users, there must be a primary loop system, which is implemented by a combination of different functional units, each of which is usually composed of 1 or 2 switch cabinets. Here are a few precautions for the user to refer to when selecting and designing the switchgear.
1) Main connection scheme
For each type of switchgear, the installation and operation manuals are available in a variety of primary connection schemes and their numbered forms. According to the specific conditions of power input and power transmission, the user should select several standard connection schemes on the form and combine them to form a primary circuit diagram and a system layout diagram.
According to the function of the main connection scheme, it can be roughly divided into: cable in and out line, overhead in and out line, left and right contact, metering, protection, station use and other units.
For the removable switchgear, the removable components usually include: circuit breaker handcart, isolated handcart, voltage transformer handcart, station handcart, lightning arrester handcart, metering handcart, grounding handcart, etc. Reflected in the handcart.
2) Common main bus system
The single bus system is the simplest one. Investment province, easy to operate, clear, easy to expand, but when the busbar or busbar side isolating switch overhaul, all have to be powered off; and when a circuit breaker failure occurs in a certain way, the circuit has to be powered off, and the power supply reliability is low.
Single busbar segmentation, which is slightly better than the former one, retains the advantages of simplicity, economy and convenience, and when a busbar or busbar disconnector fails, it will not be powered off for a long time at the entire station; Each of the II segments is provided with a return line to improve reliability.
Single busbars (segmented or unsegmented) plus bypass busbars are slightly more complicated in construction, usually with a rear cabinet (600mm deep). The reliability of power supply has increased, but the investment has increased accordingly.
3) Models and specifications of primary electrical components in the cabinet
In a plan layout diagram, the type and specification of the components used in the primary circuit in each cabinet are usually indicated, which provides convenience for the manufacturer to purchase and prepare materials. However, the type and installation structure of various electrical components have different influences on the layout of the main circuit of the whole cabinet, and some have almost no influence (such as main bus, down bus, fuse, grounding switch, lightning arrester, etc.), and some influences. Very large (such as circuit breakers, upper and lower isolation switches), must be treated separately.
For circuit breakers, it is a major component that users can carefully select to understand. However, when the circuit breaker is selected, the switch rejection model cannot be removed because not all types of circuit breakers can be installed in any type of switch cabinet.
For the isolating switch, it has a great influence on the direction of the busbar in the cabinet, and it has a lot of patterns - flat-mounted wall type, guillotine version, different current specifications, need to consider the direction of the isolation fracture, also need to consider the use The installation position of the operating mechanism, its interlock with the circuit breaker, and so on.
The main considerations for the current transformer are two points: 1 the change of the direction of the transformer terminal sometimes makes the routing easier; 2 the procurement of goods is convenient to save the purchase time.
4) Small current and high current specifications of the switchgear
In some mature switchgear cabinets, small current specifications (below 600A) and high current specifications (2000 to 3150A) are considered at the same time, which means that the main busbar installation positions are in line with each other and can be connected in series. The main busbar of the small current specification usually uses one copper busbar, while the high current uses two to three copper bars, and the main busbar connection that is considered uniformly will not cause trouble.
5) The width of the switchgear
The cabinet width of the high current specification is usually wider than the small current cabinet (about 100 to 200 mm wide) and the depth is the same. In addition, the width of the cabinet on the product specification refers only to the width of the angle steel skeleton, and does not include the thickness of the side panel of the cabinet; and some cabinets only have one side sealing plate, and some cabinets have left and right sides. Therefore, when considering the lateral dimensions of the cabinet, it is necessary to take these thicknesses into account.
6) Location of the cable trench
Some models of switchgear cables can only be routed from the rear half of the bottom of the cabinet, while others can only be routed in the front half; some models have both a front half outlet and a rear half outlet.
7) Overhead access line
When an overhead access plan is required, the switchgear cabinet needs to be retrofitted with a rear cabinet, which is introduced or sent out through the wall casing on the top of the rear cabinet.
8) Installation and layout of the cabinet
Some models of switchgear have a rear door that requires no wall mounting; some have no rear door, only the rear sealing plate is screwed on, and no installation requirements are required. However, no matter how, it is recommended to install the wall without the wall. This is convenient for maintenance, installation, and testing. It is good for shortening the power outage time and improving the reliability of power supply.
When the number of switch cabinets is large, two rows can be arranged, and the two columns can be arranged face to face or back to back. The face-to-face approach is better, the horizon is wider, and the inspection is more convenient. If a high-voltage busbar bridge is required between two rows of switchgear cabinets, an accurate installation plan must be given so that the manufacturer can determine the length of the busbar bridge connection, sometimes requiring on-site measurements.
9) Inter-cabinet interlock
Most of the functional units perform functions in one cabinet, and some functional units need to be implemented between two cabinets. In this case, some anti-misoperation interlocks need to be implemented jointly in the two cabinets, which is often cumbersome. If the two cabinets are closely adjacent, although the complexity is greater, it is still possible to adopt the mechanical transmission interlocking method; if the two cabinets are far apart, they can only be realized by mechanical program lock or electromagnetic lock.
In 1983, the Ministry of Electrical and Mechanical Services developed the standard for the JB/DQ4085 switchgear model. The new products developed since then have been modeled according to this regulation, making the model management scientific.
There are two types of switchgear: one is the product model, and the letters are used to represent the product name, structural characteristics, place of use, design sequence number (issued by the industry's centralized department), rated voltage and improved code. The other type is called the full model, which is composed of the product model and then the specific specifications, parameters, and environmental characteristics. The product model is as follows:
â–¡â–¡â–¡â–¡-â–¡â–¡
From left to right, 123456 is used to represent the above six â–¡, and the meanings of the six â–¡ representatives are:
1 product name; 2 structural features; 3 use place; 4 design series serial number; 5 rated voltage KV; 6 improved code. For example, the meanings of the various representatives in XGN2-12(Z) are: X-box type high voltage switchgear, G-fixed, N-indoor, 2-design serial number, 12-12KV, (Z)-circuit breaker type (vacuum ). The meaning of the 123-bit symbol is as follows:
1Product Name 2Structural Features 3Used Station Fixed Disconnected Indoor User GYNW Box Switchgear XXGXYXGN, XYN Interval Switchgear JJYJYN Armored Switchgear KKGKYKGN, KYN
2. Introduction to the structure of the switchgear
Several common vacuum switchgear structures are:
1) Semi-closed fixed vacuum switch rejects GG-1A (F) Z type.
2) Box type fixed vacuum switchgear
a. XGN-10 (Z) type switchgear. The down conductor exits from the busbar room and is connected to the upper terminal of the vacuum circuit breaker via the GN30 rotary isolating switch. The lower terminal is connected to the lower rotary isolating switch GN30 through the current transformer and enters the cable compartment.
Circuit breakers are mostly used in split type, such as ZN28A (some manufacturers switch to integral switches), which is the most widely used type of cabinet.
b. The GGX2--10 (ie XGN66-10) type switch is rejected. The main feature of the cabinet is the use of "coaxial rotary multi-channel intermittent transmission mechanism". Rotating a rotating shaft can operate 3 to 4 levers. According to a fixed procedure, the isolating switch and the grounding switch are operated in sequence, naturally forming switches and switches. The interlocking relationship between the programs will never be confusing. The mechanism is rotated by the auxiliary handle of the switch cabinet into the square hole.
3) Interval handcart switch refuses JYNâ–¡-10
The compartment hand truck switchgear is structurally divided into four small rooms: an instrument room, a circuit breaker handcart room, a busbar room and a cable room. There is a plate between the four chambers. Most of the partitions are made of grounded metal plates. Only the insulating material plate is used in the vicinity of the plug-in bushing of the circuit breaker to solve the problem of grounding insulation. It is called the interval switch rejection.
4) Armored vacuum handcart cabinet KYNâ–¡-10 type
The armored type is developed from the interval and has a similar structure, but all the partitions are grounded metal plates for higher safety. The operating mechanism can be either electromagnetic (CD17) or spring mechanism (CT17 or CT19).
5) Center-mounted armored car cabinet
This is also a type of removable vacuum cabinet that was developed to improve some of the problems of floor-standing hand truck cabinets.
The starting point of the center is to reduce the height of the circuit breaker to the ground, and move the rails on the ground to the middle partition. The centering of the circuit breaker isolation plug is easier to ensure, the weight of the trolley is greatly reduced, and the circuit breaker is interchanged. Sex is also better. The center-mounted hand truck cabinet uses a more expensive integral insulating molded part, a fully enclosed integral vacuum circuit breaker (such as ABB's WX type) or a semi-closed vacuum circuit breaker (such as Toshiba's VK type), plus a cabinet. The process is complicated and requires high precision, so the price is very expensive.
3. Selection of vacuum switchgear
In substations and power distribution stations, to complete the task of receiving and distributing power to different users, there must be a primary loop system, which is implemented by a combination of different functional units, each of which is usually composed of 1 or 2 switch cabinets. Here are a few precautions for the user to refer to when selecting and designing the switchgear.
1) Main connection scheme
For each type of switchgear, the installation and operation manuals are available in a variety of primary connection schemes and their numbered forms. According to the specific conditions of power input and power transmission, the user should select several standard connection schemes on the form and combine them to form a primary circuit diagram and a system layout diagram.
According to the function of the main connection scheme, it can be roughly divided into: cable in and out line, overhead in and out line, left and right contact, metering, protection, station use and other units.
For the removable switchgear, the removable components usually include: circuit breaker handcart, isolated handcart, voltage transformer handcart, station handcart, lightning arrester handcart, metering handcart, grounding handcart, etc. Reflected in the handcart.
2) Common main bus system
The single bus system is the simplest one. Investment province, easy to operate, clear, easy to expand, but when the busbar or busbar side isolating switch overhaul, all have to be powered off; and when a circuit breaker failure occurs in a certain way, the circuit has to be powered off, and the power supply reliability is low.
Single busbar segmentation, which is slightly better than the former one, retains the advantages of simplicity, economy and convenience, and when a busbar or busbar disconnector fails, it will not be powered off for a long time at the entire station; Each of the II segments is provided with a return line to improve reliability.
Single busbars (segmented or unsegmented) plus bypass busbars are slightly more complicated in construction, usually with a rear cabinet (600mm deep). The reliability of power supply has increased, but the investment has increased accordingly.
3) Models and specifications of primary electrical components in the cabinet
In a plan layout diagram, the type and specification of the components used in the primary circuit in each cabinet are usually indicated, which provides convenience for the manufacturer to purchase and prepare materials. However, the type and installation structure of various electrical components have different influences on the layout of the main circuit of the whole cabinet, and some have almost no influence (such as main bus, down bus, fuse, grounding switch, lightning arrester, etc.), and some influences. Very large (such as circuit breakers, upper and lower isolation switches), must be treated separately.
For circuit breakers, it is a major component that users can carefully select to understand. However, when the circuit breaker is selected, the switch rejection model cannot be removed because not all types of circuit breakers can be installed in any type of switch cabinet.
For the isolating switch, it has a great influence on the direction of the busbar in the cabinet, and it has a lot of patterns - flat-mounted wall type, guillotine version, different current specifications, need to consider the direction of the isolation fracture, also need to consider the use The installation position of the operating mechanism, its interlock with the circuit breaker, and so on.
The main considerations for the current transformer are two points: 1 the change of the direction of the transformer terminal sometimes makes the routing easier; 2 the procurement of goods is convenient to save the purchase time.
4) Small current and high current specifications of the switchgear
In some mature switchgear cabinets, small current specifications (below 600A) and high current specifications (2000 to 3150A) are considered at the same time, which means that the main busbar installation positions are in line with each other and can be connected in series. The main busbar of the small current specification usually uses one copper busbar, while the high current uses two to three copper bars, and the main busbar connection that is considered uniformly will not cause trouble.
5) The width of the switchgear
The cabinet width of the high current specification is usually wider than the small current cabinet (about 100 to 200 mm wide) and the depth is the same. In addition, the width of the cabinet on the product specification refers only to the width of the angle steel skeleton, and does not include the thickness of the side panel of the cabinet; and some cabinets only have one side sealing plate, and some cabinets have left and right sides. Therefore, when considering the lateral dimensions of the cabinet, it is necessary to take these thicknesses into account.
6) Location of the cable trench
Some models of switchgear cables can only be routed from the rear half of the bottom of the cabinet, while others can only be routed in the front half; some models have both a front half outlet and a rear half outlet.
7) Overhead access line
When an overhead access plan is required, the switchgear cabinet needs to be retrofitted with a rear cabinet, which is introduced or sent out through the wall casing on the top of the rear cabinet.
8) Installation and layout of the cabinet
Some models of switchgear have a rear door that requires no wall mounting; some have no rear door, only the rear sealing plate is screwed on, and no installation requirements are required. However, no matter how, it is recommended to install the wall without the wall. This is convenient for maintenance, installation, and testing. It is good for shortening the power outage time and improving the reliability of power supply.
When the number of switch cabinets is large, two rows can be arranged, and the two columns can be arranged face to face or back to back. The face-to-face approach is better, the horizon is wider, and the inspection is more convenient. If a high-voltage busbar bridge is required between two rows of switchgear cabinets, an accurate installation plan must be given so that the manufacturer can determine the length of the busbar bridge connection, sometimes requiring on-site measurements.
9) Inter-cabinet interlock
Most of the functional units perform functions in one cabinet, and some functional units need to be implemented between two cabinets. In this case, some anti-misoperation interlocks need to be implemented jointly in the two cabinets, which is often cumbersome. If the two cabinets are closely adjacent, although the complexity is greater, it is still possible to adopt the mechanical transmission interlocking method; if the two cabinets are far apart, they can only be realized by mechanical program lock or electromagnetic lock.
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