Today, vigorously advocating green energy, I believe that everyone is no stranger to "smart meters." Smart meters play an important role in promoting the sustainable development of resources. With the active deployment of governments, smart meters are replacing traditional electricity meters with rapid growth.
Smart meter: a smarter future
Fundamentally, electricity meters are equipment used by power companies to measure electricity consumption by residents and calculate electricity bills. From the first traditional kWh/hour meter to mechatronic induction meters, to later electronic meters, to today's advanced smart meters, their fundamental use has not changed.
It can be simply assumed that a smart meter is equivalent to adding a "smart" feature to a conventional meter. The two-way communication capability of smart meters helps residents and power companies better understand power usage and save costs. The smart meter is equipped with a home LCD display, so users can get real-time feedback on their power usage at different times of the day, week, month or year, so that they can make full use of various power plans to save money; on the other hand, The smart meter automatically reports the household meter readings to the power company on a monthly basis, instead of sending a “sheet reader†to the door, to reduce the labor cost for the power company.
Compared with traditional electric meters, smart meters improve the visibility and management of power consumption, save costs, and their safety and data reliability have been thoroughly tested. Users can use electricity in a more energy-saving way, and no longer pay for electricity. . The two-way communication capability of smart meters also lays the foundation for building a smart grid, building a smarter future for us and realizing the sustainable development of resources.
How does a smart meter work?
In short, smart meters send meter readings to power companies just as we send messages from mobile phones.
Smart meters record power usage throughout the day and use memory for secure storage. After receiving a request to send a message, the data is routed from the meter to the collection device or substation via a wireless or power cable. Communication infrastructure such as power line communication (PLC) or wireless networks is a way for smart meters to transmit reliable data to power companies.
ON Semiconductor smart meter solution
ON Semiconductor is committed to driving energy-efficient innovations, leveraging industry-leading expertise and extensive experience to deliver a broad lineup of smart meter solutions including power management ICs, PLC modems, ZigBee products, small signal diodes and transistors. High-voltage switches, rectifiers, high-voltage fast IGBTs, MOSFETs, memory, interfaces, temperature sensors, controllers, dedicated standard products (ASSP), logic, etc. Next, we will focus on power management solutions and power line communication products.
1. Innovative power management solutions help smart meters achieve higher energy efficiency
Smart meters require a power management module to provide:
- Flexible interface supports wide input voltage range - boosts energy efficiency under all load conditions - products that can withstand fault conditions, such as higher input voltages or unexpected two-phase connections in 3-phase networks, and more, Testing the reliability of smart meters under different conditions - improving the overall load's immunity to electromagnetic interference - eliminating noise - the ability to adjust output current protection based on output power requirements
To this end, ON Semiconductor offers three industrial-grade solutions for smart meter power management for higher energy efficiency.
Option 1: NCP107X Series
ON Semiconductor's NCP107x series (Figure 1) is a cascode with a 700 V switch that combines a dual 450 V input with a current balance. It is a Zener-based Cascode solution that provides high integration and short-circuit. Protection, maximum peak current set point and slope compensation, dynamic self-supply (no auxiliary winding required), dedicated to when the output power demand is reduced, the IC automatically enters the frequency reverse mode and provides extremely high energy efficiency at light loads, while power demand Further weakened, it enters the skip cycle mode to reduce standby power consumption to no load.
Figure 1: NCP107X Series
Option 2: NCP125X Series
ON Semiconductor's Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) series NCP125X (Figure 2), which integrates a 1000 V MOSFET and PWM controller, connects the dual 450 V input in series with current balancing, and the separate high voltage single MOSFET with controller replaces Cascode, the key features of this series of circuits include: frequency reversal to maintain output load conditions, limit maximum transmission power without affecting standby performance, jump cycle operation to improve anti-electromagnetic interference performance and so on.
Figure 2: NCP125X Series
Option 3: Patented Power Management Solution
Smart meters have specific requirements to support 3-phase and open neutral connections with wide input ranges up to 450 V. ON Semiconductor has developed a new pre-regulator topology that can be combined with standard switching power ICs to meet the requirements of smart meters. The solution adds a 200 V regulator between the main power supply and the Switching Power Supply to reduce the 250 V high-capacity input capacitance. The power supply supports high-voltage power supply and 3-phase, which is a patent of ON Semiconductor. Due to the reduced supply voltage, the larger reflected voltage capability provides higher transformer design capability, and the reduced switching loss improves the immunity to electromagnetic interference. The buffer size is reduced, the dissipation is reduced, and the energy efficiency of the switching power supply is fully improved. And save overall system-level costs.
Figure 3: ON Semiconductor's innovative power management solution
2. Power line communication solution: S-FSK modem, strong and compatible with related communication protocols
Power Line Communication (PLC) is an advanced communication technology that transmits data over existing cables that carries data on conductors and is used for AC power transmission or distribution to users. Because power and data can be transmitted simultaneously through the same line, PLC technology does not need to use additional lines to interconnect with devices, which helps to reduce wiring complexity and reduce cost. It is a mainstream technology for automatic meter reading by smart meters. A PLC node consists of a modem chip and a power line driver. The PLC system works by adding a modulated carrier signal to the wiring system. ON Semiconductor's AMIS-49587 is a narrowband PLC transceiver developed for PLC applications that complies with the IEC1334 standard and uses S-FSK modulation technology to achieve robust low data rate communication over long distance power lines for 50 Hz mains Frequency, including complete protocol layer processing from PHY to MAC, where the PHY is dedicated to programmable-scheduled S-FSK modulation (programmable half-duplex data rate up to 2400 baud and programmable carrier range of 9 kHz - 115 kHz, 10 Hz step width, programmable spread spectrum separation typically 10 kHz, extremely robust phase-locked loop (PLL) with a dynamic range of 104 dB), embedded ARM processor for advanced filtering and implementation MAC, supports synchronous transmission, and can transmit information according to the "trusted value" relay level management, providing the best analog demodulation chain, and its excellent anti-noise performance and input sensitivity can achieve extremely strong transmission. It also complies with the requirements of IEC61334-5-1/EN 50065 and the specific French power distribution company (ERDF). The power supply operates at 3.3 V. The serial communication interface (SCI) can be connected to the application microcontroller and provides 4 types. Selected baud rate SCI (4.8 kb, 9.6 kb, 19.2 kb, 38.4 kb). All in all, AMIS-49587 is compatible with relevant communication protocols, efficient and reliable data transmission, flexible parameters, easy to design, low development and application cost, and is an ideal choice for smart meter PLC technology.
Figure 4: AMIS-49587 application example
Conclusion
Smart meters are an inevitable trend to promote sustainable development and lay the foundation for the construction of smart grids. ON Semiconductor offers a comprehensive lineup of solutions for smart meters. In particular, its innovative patented power management solution enables design engineers to achieve higher energy efficiency in smart meters, while the S-FSK modem AMIS-49587 is recognized in the industry. ICs with rugged modulation technology are ideal for low data rate communication applications for long distance power lines.
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