From the black hole "hair" theory to trying to solve the information paradox, the famous British physicist Stephen Hawking proposed a series of groundbreaking theories about black holes.
In one of his latest theories, Hawking proposed that a tiny black hole of the same quality as a mountain can release a large amount of X-rays and gamma rays, and the radiation power can be as high as 10 million megawatts, which will be enough to supply the world's electricity demand. . But don't be too happy, we first need to find a small black hole that is small enough to not destroy us.
This is the elaboration of Hawking's guest of the BBC 4th "Reith lecture". In explaining his own set of theories about black holes, Hawking mentioned that there is a pair of virtual particles in a vacuum, one of which may fall into a black hole, while another member particle may remain outside the black hole. At this point, due to the loss of the "companion particles" that occur in the mutual quenching reaction, the particles outside the black hole have the opportunity to escape and emit outward in the form of radiation.
Physicists have previously discovered that black holes emit particles and radiation, and their intensity is directly related to the quality of the black hole. There is an inverse relationship between the two. For example, a black hole of comparable mass to the sun is extremely inefficient in releasing particles, making it difficult to detect. The radiation of particles released by a tiny black hole of equal mass to a mountain is quite obvious.
Hawking said: "A black hole with the same quality as a mountain can release more than 10 million megawatts of X-rays and gamma rays, enough to supply the world's electricity. However, it is not easy to capture such a mini black hole. You can't put it in a power station like that, because it goes straight down from the floor and falls to the center of the earth. If we have such a black hole, I think the only way is to put it around the earth. On the track."
Scientists have been trying to find such tiny black holes for years, but have not made progress. He said: "This is really regrettable, because if you can successfully find such a black hole, you will win the Nobel Prize." But he thinks that he has a better idea than searching hard, that is, in extra time and space. Create such a black hole out of the dimension. He said: "According to some theories, the universe we live in is just a surface of a four-dimensional space, and the universe itself is likely to be a 10-dimensional or even 11-dimensional space."
Hawking pointed out: "Because light can only propagate in 4D space, but not with those extra dimensions, for us, those extra dimensions are invisible. However, gravity can have a significant impact on those additional dimensions. So this makes it possible for us to create a tiny black hole in an extra dimension."
Just last year, Hawking proposed a theory that pointed out that black holes are not the kind of "ultimate purgatory" that many people think, because the data is likely to escape from the black hole, and proposed a new mechanism to explain this problem. Hawking's theory can be tested on the Large Nuclear Hadron Collider (LHC) equipment at the European Nuclear Center (CERN) in Switzerland. Similar particle black-holes are generated in some particle collision experiments conducted by the center, and the particle radiation pattern generated by the latter will be easily identified. In this regard, Hawking said humorously: "It seems that I can still get the Nobel Prize after all."
Just last year, Hawking proposed a theory that pointed out that black holes are not the kind of "ultimate purgatory" that many people think, because the data is likely to escape from the black hole.
The 74-year-old physicist elaborated this idea in a scholarly paper in the form of a scientific paper, and said that the core of the answer lies in a particle near the black hole event boundary, in a zero-energy state. , or as in "soft hair" as Hawking said.
In a speech in Stockholm, Sweden, in August last year, Professor Hawking explained this theory in a relaxed and humorous atmosphere. He refuted the idea that any substance would disappear forever once it fell into a black hole, and said he found a mechanism to ensure that "information escapes from black holes."
Hawking pointed out that particles trapped inside the boundaries of black hole events should be composed of photons and gravitational forces, which are the "quantums" of light and gravitational energy. These energies are very low, and even quantum particles with no energy can be thought to accumulate near the edge of the black hole. They can capture and store the information contained in the particles falling into the black hole. This mechanism shows that even if the particles falling into the black hole disappear, the information they contain will not be lost, but will be preserved, lingering in the quantum "hair" of the illusory edge of the black hole. It is reminiscent of the nose hair in the human nostrils trapping dust particles that enter the air in our nose.
The "black hole information paradox" has long plagued black hole research. The core content of this paradox is: If we follow the traditional view, that is, once the black hole disappears, all the information carried by all the substances swallowed by the black hole will disappear from the universe. Then such a result will conflict with the principles of quantum mechanics, because the latter points out that information is as conserved as energy and cannot be eliminated.
And if Hawking’s theory is correct, then perhaps this will eventually lead scientists to find the right path to solve this paradox.
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