If you want to get a perfect front sound field, the first problem encountered is to choose the three-way system. Or choose a two-way system? That is, the front sound field should have several pairs of speakers. This topic is quite controversial. Some people say that the three-way frequency is good. Some people say that the two-way frequency is good. Here we look at the ratio between the two to see if we choose a three-way loudspeaker or a two-way loudspeaker. This article first introduced the difference between two-way frequency and three-way frequency, and then described the choice of two or three-way car audio modification, and finally introduced the car audio three-way installation method, follow the specific small series together to find out.
Two-way and three-way differenceThe two-divider consists of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter. A divide-by-three adds another band-pass filter. The filter exhibits a certain slope attenuation characteristic near the frequency division point. Frequently, the intersection point of the adjacent curves is called the crossover point. There is an overlapping frequency band near the crossover point where both horns have outputs. It is theoretically required that the larger the attenuation rate of the filter, the better. However, the greater the attenuation rate is, the more components are, the structure is complicated, adjustment is difficult, and the insertion loss is also greater. Generally used -6dB and -12dB divider. The commonly used -12dB/octave dividers still have considerable energy within 1 octave of the crossover point, and within 1.5 octaves the horn sound is still audible. In this way, in a fairly wide frequency band near the crossover point, both horns will sound together. If the response of the horn is smooth and the attenuator characteristic of the divider is also ideal, the transition process will be smooth; however, if the horn response has peaks and valleys, or the complementarity of the divider is not ideal, then There will be oscillations in this transitional process. In severe cases, the audio and video will be disrupted.
In the same way, there will be two transitions in the three-way speaker. In particular, it must be noted that it is absolutely impossible for the two transitional processes to overlap, or the consequences would be disastrous. Although the frequency division of the violins tends to be ideal, a master will still try to avoid the remaining homophonic resonances in order to obtain more pure sound effects. Therefore, if two frequency divisions can satisfy the coverage of the replay frequency, do not use three-way division. In general, if the upper limit of the playback frequency of the woofer reaches 6 kHz, it is not necessary to use the midrange unit. For example: A 10-inch woofer has a playback frequency range of 30Hz to 60kHz, and a high-end playback unit has a range of 1.5kHz to 20kHz. The combination of two frequency dividers is very good. Optional at 3kHz. If you insert a midrange unit with a replay frequency upper limit of 8kHz, it is not necessary. One more frequency point will add more distortion and the cost will increase a lot. The more the frequency division, the more difficult it will be to select a speaker. . The gains and losses are obvious.
Three-way speaker system strengths
A three-way system has more speakers that can restore frequencies in the same frequency band. Since each unit restores a narrower frequency band, it is possible to reach a higher level of output, so that the distortion of each horn is smaller. In addition, you can also more and more select the frequency band that each horn restores. Get correspondingly smoother frequencies. You don't need to worry about who has restored the frequency of the horn over the frequency band of its reduction frequency. The placement position is also more and more maneuverable, and the corresponding tonality of each horn is even more balanced.
The disadvantages of the three-way speaker system
As the placement becomes more and more huge, the space inside the car is expensive. It is difficult to select a location and increase the unit. Moreover, the commissioning of the system is also increasingly large. For example, if passive frequency division is accepted, the mediation of the divider is a very difficult incident. Just like the coins with balanced edges on both sides, it is necessary to add another one to balance the difficulties.
As a general rule, if you have a high demand for a car audio system, choose a three-way horn. If the demand is normal, you can choose a two-way horn and you will end up saving a lot of money.
Front speaker selection
1, the choice of midrange speakers
For owners who want to modify car stereos, the owner must first select the horn. This has certain difficulties for the average car owner, because there are too many brands and speakers in the market. In the sound system, the most important horn is the midrange horn. Since it bears the burden of restoring the most critical frequencies, choosing a good midrange horn is the king, and Xiaobian gives the opinion that it is best not to select metal units. It is because the harmonic distortion that occurs after the end of the horn drive is amplified and the resonance that occurs after amplification is not balanced and electronically removed. Of course, if you have a sufficient capital budget, you can purchase low-distortion speaker units. You can get a wider midrange, set a good crossover point, and the front voice will get a fuller low frequency.
How to see the frequency corresponding curve? Generally speaking, long-distance horn units have a lower distortion ratio at mid-high frequencies, and they have to select midrange horns. Even if they want to stop the peaks in the corresponding curves from being too big, there are peaks and valleys that are not good, but peaks that are too large are more defamatory. In addition, we must carefully look at the manufacturer's frequency corresponding curve, many manufacturers are using 1/3 oct filtering, this is not a goal, but there are many manufacturers will use higher filter times to cover up the problem surrounding the speaker frequency Although you can't see it on the chart, you can probably hear it out. Remember, the placement of your midrange horn must deviate from the mid-axis, which must be measured unless the manufacturer provides a multi-fold axial corresponding graph.
2, treble selection tips
Nowadays, when it comes to how to choose high notes, there are a few things to remember. Large caliber (1 inch or more) trebles can restore lower frequencies, while small sized speakers are more smooth at high frequencies, but this requires Low bandwidth and output. The other thing to bear in mind is that even if the manufacturer provides a frequency response curve corresponding to the frequency of evaluation can reach KHz, but you still have to understand that we are not necessarily it can go so low, this is due to the high tone in the normal reduction band Reducing lower frequencies will distort, and as a general rule, more low-frequency extensions will limit more peak output. In general, a high-quality high-tone unit can generally restore the lower frequency relative to the given bandwidth and lower distortion of the manufacturer.
After selecting the horn unit, it is necessary to set up the accommodation. The space in the car is very expensive. Therefore, finding a proper location and perfecting the results is a big problem. Next, we will start with the most basic placement position and elaborate on How to create a perfect front voice with the simplest placement, and we will not be able to address the challenges of higher difficulty, unique creativity, and high level of acoustic knowledge.
The best location for treble placement is in the A-pillar (the details of the reason will be described below). However, the A pillar is surrounded by the windshield and the door glass, so there will be more reflections. However, for the speaker, the worst reflection is that it inverts the signal due to its standing wave, and since the treble is a unit for reducing high frequencies, it is easily reflected by surrounding objects and it is also very easy to cause standing waves. . Therefore, it is important to describe here how to prepare for the occurrence of standing waves and the best angle of placement.
As for the bass horns, they are usually selected to be placed on the horns of the original car door. This is a good choice. Since the original charm is preserved and good results are achieved, it is highly desirable. As for other placement methods, we Instead of introducing them one by one, one principle is to save space and achieve good results. Car audio conversion in the sound field position and the relationship between the image quality of the car audio system to the pros and cons, the sound field position and the image of many owners are not very important.
Three-way installation method of car audio1, treble, midrange, bass installed on the pedal
This installation is similar to the first installation of the two-way loudspeakers. It can be said that it has the widest sound field effect and the best positioning and image mounting.
2, treble, midrange installed on the pedals, bass installed under the door
This installation method and the first installation method can be complementary. The installation of the bass on the door panel distance does not affect the convergence problem of medium and low frequencies.
3, treble, midrange installed on the instrument panel, bass installed under the door
This method is more commonly used in domestic modification. If the same type of conversion method is divided by two frequencies, it is better to have multiple stages of EQ to regulate the overall sound performance during system design.
4. The treble and midrange are mounted on the A-pillar and the bass is installed under the door
This method is also used by many people in China. It has better sound field height and sound's overall performance than two-way frequency. The density, thickness, and sound's realism are all excellent.
5. Treble, midrange and bass are installed on the door panel.
In this installation mode, the three speaker units have close-distance pronunciation, which is favorable for the link between the high, middle and mid-bass frequencies. However, since the installation is lower than the instrument panel and better sound field positioning is achieved, it is better to install multiple EQs. Equipment to debug.
6. The treble is mounted on the A-pillar, and the midrange and bass are mounted under the door.
This installation method is a more common design method, and it is also accepted by many fevers and recommended by stores. Treble installed A-pillar, a good increase in the height and width of the sound field, so that the entire sound field listening effect is good. Middle and bass installation doors, using the door as a cabinet pronunciation, get the most full sound.
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