What is a wireless microphone? Simply put, it is a device that transmits sound by radio waves or other means. Such a device or circuit, in its principle, exists in various forms or names in many products, such as the duplex EarMark wireless headset HS-4 series model.
The wireless microphone can achieve a transmission radius of approximately 10-50 meters in various civilian or dedicated frequency bands. This simple circuit is also due to the small number of components used, the nonlinear distortion is reduced to a minimum, so the extraordinary reduction of the transmission of voice signals is commonly known as "realistic" indicators.
However, this circuit has one of the biggest defects: because the LC oscillator circuit is used, the frequency stability is very unsatisfactory. The anti-interference energy is limited; how to solve these headaches when the signal is not distorted, this is The basic requirements for so-called professional microphones, especially wireless systems for audio stage performances.
Such wireless systems have special requirements for signal transmission distortion indicators, and their receiving devices are often used in a relatively special circuit form: diversity reception.
The diversity receiving technology can effectively solve the problems of signal rate drop, adjacent frequency interference, co-channel interference and the like which are common in the wireless transmission process, and is first used for military long-distance short-wave monitoring. In the circuit structure design, the receiving device uses more than two antennas, and receives the same signal at an appropriate distance, and then passes to the latter circuit to process or compare or select the two signals respectively, thereby obtaining the most Good signal indicator parameters. The diversity receiving method greatly increases the manufacturing cost of the device and is not common in ordinary civilian equipment.
Wireless microphone systems for professional applications such as stage performances generally have the following features or functions in circuit design:
Single set of preset frequency, such as SENNHEISER® 500 series, has 16 sets of preset frequencies that are easy to randomly select (1280 sets of frequencies). In large concerts, 16 channels can be used simultaneously—singing, guitar, shell Divisions, acoustic instruments, etc. can be transmitted wirelessly.
Audio signal transmission analog or digital compression refers to the process of compressing the voice signal after the microphone picks up the voice signal, and then decompressing the receiver. Audio signal transmission analog or digital compression technology can effectively improve the anti-interference ability during signal transmission.
Single set of preset frequency, such as SENNHEISER® 500 series, has 16 sets of preset frequencies that are easy to randomly select (1280 sets of frequencies). In large concerts, 16 channels can be used simultaneously—singing, guitar, shell Divisions, acoustic instruments, etc. can be transmitted wirelessly.
Audio signal transmission analog or digital compression refers to the process of compressing the voice signal after the microphone picks up the voice signal, and then decompressing the receiver. Audio signal transmission analog or digital compression technology can effectively improve the anti-interference ability during signal transmission.
The power monitoring receiver sets up a remote microphone battery residual detection circuit, which is convenient for the sound engineer or the broadcaster to know the battery remaining amount of the actor microphone at the first time.
Amplifier microphone output level The fixed receiver has a dedicated set of headphone output connectors for independent detection of signal level and quality from each transmitter.
How to make the best effect of wireless microphones With the popularity and wide use of wireless microphones, how can we better play their superior role, pay attention to the following problems in operation and use:
With the popularity and widespread use of wireless microphones, how can we better play their superior role, and pay attention to the following problems in operation and use:
First, how to choose the battery of the wireless microphone transmitter machine to ensure that the system does not suffer from signal distortion and frequency interference, you must use a sufficient battery, if you have the conditions when purchasing, it is best to use alkaline 9V battery.
Second, how to know as early as possible whether the transmitter battery energy is sufficient in various brands and models of wireless microphone systems, most receivers do not have the transmitter battery energy display function. Although some wireless transmitters have a low-voltage display on the battery, users rarely pay attention to this problem during use. In the normal use of the wireless microphone, it is a time when the battery is insufficient to cause distortion or frequency interference of the audio signal. In order to prevent this from happening, the operator can use the mixer PFL pre-listening function in the normal use of the wireless microphone, and use the headphones to monitor the signal of the wireless microphone. If the sound clarity is slightly reduced or the noise is slightly increased, The battery should be replaced immediately, so as to avoid the psychological pressure caused by the lack of energy of the battery.
Third, how to replace the battery in the middle of the performance should be convenient, fast and simple when replacing the battery during the performance. The best way is to turn on the “mute†switch of the mixer channel to make the wireless microphone in a mute state. If the mixer does not have this function, the output of the wireless microphone receiver can be turned off first, then the transmission is turned off. Power on the machine, turn on the power of the transmitter after replacing the battery, and then restore the receiver output volume to the original gain. If the receiver does not have the output volume switch, turn off the mixer input gain or use the Line/MIC selector to switch. After the battery is replaced, turn it on and then reset the mixer input gain or selector.
Why not replace the battery after the wireless microphone channel fader is turned off? Need to explain here, if you use the method of closing the channel fader to replace the battery, it is more cumbersome. In the singing, the general microphone has an effect processing sound. If one microphone is used, another wireless microphone needs to be replaced. If this is turned off, For the channel fader, the auxiliary channel potentiometer for reverberation and delay should be turned off at the same time. If you forget to turn off the auxiliary channel potentiometer, the power supply sound of the shape wireless microphone transmitter will change from the auxiliary channel when the battery is replaced. Output to the mixer, directly affecting the sound effect;
Furthermore, if the auxiliary potentiometer is leaked after replacing the battery, there will be no effect sound and the sound effect will be affected. Here, I would like to remind everyone that it is very important to develop the habit of taking out the transmitter power (especially using non-alkaline batteries) after each performance. Otherwise, sometimes the transmitter will be turned off because the battery is not removed. The shape of the power source causes the battery to run out of energy, causing the battery to leak and damage the transmitter system, causing unnecessary losses.
Fourth, how to prevent and avoid external interference to the wireless microphone Before purchasing the non-inverting unlimited microphone, you should first clear the transmission frequency of the local TV station. When purchasing, you should stagger the transmission frequency of the TV station to avoid interference, and purchase multiple wireless microphones. It should also be noted that the frequency of each system cannot be repeated to avoid mutual interference when the frequencies overlap.
5. How to eliminate the wireless microphone from the external interference Non-frequency conversion of the diversity wireless microphone system when the external interference (refers to the transmitter power off, there are still RF, AF audio or DIVERSITY diversity on the receiver display to A, B If either or both of the LED displays have a signal display, it indicates that the receiver is in interference with external radio waves. The SQUEICH quieter can be adjusted to improve reception and reduce interference. The specific method is to adjust the antenna position, the transmitter is still off, the receiver volume output gain is turned off, and finally the SQUEICH static device is adjusted clockwise until all the interference signals disappear (the receiver except the power display) There is no signal display outside), then turn clockwise a little, be sure to use a non-inductive screwdriver when debugging.
Sixth, how to use the antenna correctly to ensure signal stability When using multiple sets of wireless microphone systems, if the same series of products, if possible, it is best to use the antenna splitter to minimize mutual interference between the antennas, such as no antenna allocation If the device is set, the antenna of the wireless microphone receiver should be adjusted to the optimal position, and then paralleled in a word, and each wireless microphone receiver should maintain an appropriate distance (the antennas on each receiver cannot touch each other), so that Each receiver has better receiving conditions to improve the directivity of the wireless receiver and avoid mutual interference between frequencies to obtain a better wireless signal. In addition, it is better to install a long antenna or a large-scale occasion. The source amplifies the antenna to improve reception.
7. How to correctly identify the wireless microphone in use while using more than 2 handheld wireless microphones of the same model at the same time, in order to prevent misoperation, each wireless microphone should be marked with a different color, and the mark should generally be attached to the handheld. The bottom position of the wireless microphone is not easy to block when holding the microphone. At the same time, the same color as the microphone should be marked or marked on the channel corresponding to the microphone on the mixer. In this way, even if the actor mistakenly takes the wireless microphone, the operator can correct it in time when the presenter introduces the actor or plays the song. In addition, you can also use the color microphone dust cover to mark, which not only eliminates the "gasp" sound and the "beep" sound, but also can be used as a microphone mark, which is really good for both. Especially when singing or re-singing, it is more important to adjust the volume and tone of each microphone according to the color code. For the pocket-type wireless microphone to prevent mistakes, you can first set the number or color of each microphone transmitter, and make a fixed or fixed machine before the performance. If there are several programs to be used alternately, just in case, After each alternation, the person and the machine are registered by the special person, and the registration status is notified to the operator to avoid operational errors.
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8. How to prevent the silent phenomenon that may occur in the performance. During the performance, the singers always use the handheld wireless microphone alternately. Some actors may unconsciously turn off the power of the wireless transmitter or turn on the microphone mute switch after using the actor. The microphone is in a mute state (the transmitter's power switch and microphone mute switch of this type of wireless microphone are installed in a position where the finger is easy to touch, so that when the next actor uses the wireless microphone, there will be a silent situation in which the wireless microphone has no sound. It not only affects the performance of the actors, but also affects the viewer's interest in watching, and may also make the operators unprepared, which must be highly valued.
In fact, when the wireless microphone transmitter power is turned off, the DIVERSITY transmitter work display LED on the wireless microphone receiver will go out. If the operator uses the wireless microphone, he can often check the wireless receiver's work when the program alternates. The situation is able to detect this phenomenon. However, if the mute switch of the wireless microphone is turned on, most wireless microphone receivers cannot be displayed. Unless the operator listens to the headphones while the program is alternated (generally not realistic). In order to prevent the wireless microphone from being silent, the operator should fix the wireless microphone transmitter power switch and the microphone mute switch that are exposed to the switch before the performance, and fix it with tape. If there is a microphone switch cover, then Should be used twice, so that the wireless transmitter and microphone are always working to ensure the performance is normal.
Nine, how to operate a good waist-mounted wireless microphone waist-mounted wireless microphone generally uses a miniature electret condenser microphone, this type of microphone is highly sensitive and omnidirectional, it is easy to produce acoustic feedback when used, especially on the stage. For the occasion of listening to the speakers, for the purpose of this type of microphone for drama and essays, if the stage is the floor and the bottom of the floor is a cavity, in order to prevent low-frequency resonance, the bass gain of the channel on the mixer should be appropriate. The attenuation of the signal output gain of the returning system is also necessary to attenuate. The general attenuation range is above 6DB. In case of a passionate performance, the signal output of the listening system can be removed to avoid acoustic feedback.
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X. How to correctly use the radio acoustic instrument system radio acoustic instrument system, mainly for audio guitar, electric bass, keyboard, synthesizer and computer drum.
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The main difference from the wireless microphone system is the way the sound is picked up. The microphone pickup is a low-impedance output and the electroacoustic instrument pickup is a high-impedance output (the microphone is 0DB output and the electroacoustic instrument is -20DB output), so the LINE/MIC on the wireless transmitter should be used when using the electroacoustic instrument. The (line/microphone) switch is set at the LINE position; the gain of the transmitter is adjusted appropriately to adjust and control the level of distortion.
The wireless microphone receiver should also set the LINE/MIC switch to the LINE position. In this way, not only the acoustic matching between the electro-acoustic instrument and each device is achieved, but also the level is properly matched, and the performance of the electro-acoustic instrument can be optimally exerted.
If the LINE/MIC switch is set to the MIC/microphone position, it will cause distortion when connected to the mixer's MIC/microphone jack. Serious damage can also occur.
XI, how to make the wireless microphone play the best effect For the wireless microphone to play the best effect, we must deal with the relationship between the transmitter output level gain, the receiver output gain and the mixer input gain, such as Improper handling may result in suppressed sound, no penetration or distortion, or even excessive. The correct method of operation is to connect the wireless microphone to receive power from the receiver and the audio system, and set the audio system level (0DB or +4DB), then turn the amplifier to the maximum output, and set the main output volume of the mixer at the same time. 0DB, turn on the wireless microphone transmitter power, then set the audio output gain of the wireless microphone transmitter to 70%~75%, and set the channel potentiometer of the wireless microphone input channel on the mixer to 0DB; finally Carefully adjust the mixer input gain and, if necessary, adjust the transmitter audio output gain to a small extent until the microphone is satisfied.
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