The LED industry has a long industrial chain, and the technical characteristics and capital characteristics of each link are very different. From upstream to midstream to downstream, the industry entry threshold is gradually reduced. Among them, the upstream epitaxial materials and chips have the characteristics of “double high†with typical high technology and high cost, high technical content and relatively dense capital; the midstream packaging is slightly lower in technical content and capital investment, and the technology of downstream application products. The content and capital investment are the lowest.
The main reason for investing in LED upstream links is the rapid development of technology. In general, LED upstream technology for the lighting market is still in the early stages of development, and technological improvement is a continuous and relatively rapid process. Improvement or subversive changes are the issues that upstream companies must face. Therefore, the upstream of the LED not only has the characteristics of “double high†but also has high risk. From the perspective of capital attributes, LED upstream is more suitable for venture capital.
The quality of the chip depends mainly on the quality of the epitaxial material, and high-quality epitaxial materials are difficult to obtain on the market. At present, most upstream manufacturers mainly purchase MOCVD equipment to grow epitaxy and manufacture chips. Therefore, most chip manufacturers have epitaxial production capacity, which leads to higher concentration of upstream epitaxial and chip industries. There are not many enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and production capacity, so the LED upstream industry presents the characteristics of technological success.
In recent years, China's domestic chip companies have developed rapidly under the support and guidance of the government. In 2008, China's chip production value reached 1.9 billion yuan, the chip localization rate reached 49%, has become the world's third largest GaN chip production base. At present, domestic chip manufacturers mainly include Xiamen Sanan, Tongfang, Jiangxi Lianchuang, Shanghai Lanbao, Dalian Lumei, Hangzhou Silan Mingxin, Shanghai Blu-ray, Shenzhen Century Jingyuan, Wuhan Diyuan, etc. More than traditional light bulbs or halogen lamps, but there is still a certain gap with the world's advanced level, and most companies do not have enough independent research and development capabilities and related intellectual property rights.
But this phenomenon is gradually improving. In recent years, domestic enterprises have increased their efforts and level of technological innovation. Some enterprises have their own core technical routes, such as: Jingneng Optoelectronics, which has obtained core technology through independent research and development, and Dalian Luming, which has acquired core technology through mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, in the upstream of the LED, it is worthy of investors' attention to have creative new technologies, have their own core technical capabilities, have appropriate cost performance, and have access to the high-end and high-end industries.
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