Reporter Liu Yang Special Reporter
“China has now surpassed the United States and has become the country with the largest number of supercomputers in the list of supercomputers TOP500.†According to a report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on the 14th, a new issue of the global supercomputer TOP500 was published, China Supercomputer “Shenwei†- The light of Taihu Lake and Tianhe II have been ranked in the championship for the fourth consecutive time. At the same time, China currently has 202 of the highest performance computers in the world. In comparison, the United States has only 143. This is the lowest level the US has ever seen since its release in 25 years, but it still maintains second place. A number of foreign media reported such results on topics such as the arrival of the Chinese supercomputer era. Has China's supercomputer era really arrived? What is the future of Sino-U.S. competition in the field of super-computing? In response, Global Times reporter interviewed Zhang Yunquan, an authoritative expert in China's supercomputing field.
Chinese Corps Overwhelming Occupied List
The top five supercomputers in the list came from four countries. China's super-computing "Shenwei-Taihu Lake Light" ranks first with 9.3 billion speeds, that is, 93P (P is a supercomputer computing unit, meaning petaflops per second). The second and third were China's "Tianhe II" and Switzerland's "Diente Peak." The U.S. "Titan" who ranked fourth on the previous list was overtaken by Japan's "Xiaoguang" and ranked fifth. According to the TOP500 list, besides China and the United States, Japan ranks third with 35 supercomputers, Germany has 20, and it ranks fourth. In addition, China also surpassed the United States in its overall computer performance, accounting for 35.4% of total processing capacity and 29.6% of the United States.
Zhang Yunquan, secretary-general of the High Performance Computing Committee of the China Computer Society and director of the National Supercomputing Jinan Center, told the Global Times reporter on the 14th that re-election of the championship and runner-up is the result that the industry has long expected. In the first half of next year, China should return Can win the world championship.
However, Global Times reporters found that after reviewing the list of data, although "Tianhe 2" regained the second place in the TOP500 again, the calculation speed did not change from the previous time, indicating that the planned upgrade may not have been completed yet. According to previous reports, "Tianhe II" plan to upgrade to about 90P.
China's supercomputer era has arrived?
The super-calculated Chinese era has arrived? "Voice of the Voice of Germany" stated on the 14th that at a time when the global supercomputer list was completely dominated by the United States, all this has now become history. China first climbed the top of the global supercomputer and now surpasses the United States in the total number of supercomputers. The BBC reported that just four months ago, the United States also took the lead in China in the number of supercomputers with 169 pairs of 160, ranking first in the world. This reversal reflects China’s increased investment in research and development. Recent research shows that China’s expenditure on research and development accounts for 20% of the world’s total.
Eric Stromile, one of the co-founders of the TOP500 list, told the BBC on the 14th that many Chinese supercomputer systems have been developed to make money. Supercomputing owners rent their processing capacity to local and international companies. . He also said that "the current pursuit of supercomputer performance rankings in other countries for two reasons. First, the United States has always been in the field in a leading position in the field, if you replace the United States, on behalf of a country's reputation in scientific research. Second, the super Calculations are mainly used for scientific exploration and national security - many of the calculations used in the system are related to weapon systems."
As for the reason for the decline in the number of US supercomputers, Lewis, the US strategist, explained to Voice of Germany that for many years the United States did not have a consistent science policy, especially in the field of physics including computing. The focus of attention in the United States has been on these fine projects and some projects with political background in recent years. In academic circles, everyone is also fighting for the federal funds. Supercomputing also reflects this trend. Lewis also said that supercomputers can help develop better weapons and decipher passwords, so it is also part of the escalating arms race between the United States and China.
"Voice of Germany" also said that for many complex calculations, it is more important than the quality of data analysis rather than quantity. The current TOP500 statistics are still floating-point operations. Many experts believe that this standard is out of date and it is not always convincing in practical applications.
Zhang Yunquan has his own views on the changes in the number of Chinese and American supercomputers. He told the Global Times reporter that the main reason for this situation is that China has a large number of supercomputers used in the field of artificial intelligence. Due to the hot domestic artificial intelligence, Internet companies have launched a large number of applications for artificial intelligence. Super calculation. However, Zhang Yunquan stressed that we must be cautiously optimistic about this situation, because China is no more than the United States in terms of the number of machines used for scientific computing, and China’s growth is mainly due to the Internet’s supercomputer.
Zhang Yunquan said that in the future, the world's super-computing structure will enter the stage of leading the two strong transitions. In recent years, China has consistently won the championship of the world, or the top two in the list. However, from the second half of 2018 to 2020, the United States may regain its advantage in the performance of large-scale supercomputers. During this period, China did not plan to develop new large machines, and the existing "Light of Taihu Lake" has no upgrade plan. " After completion of the upgrade, Tianhe 2 can only achieve an operating speed of around 90P. In the second half of 2018, the United States may release at least three new supercomputers with operating speeds exceeding 150 P, and the fastest speed may even reach 200P. Therefore, the top few people in the list may be taken back by the United States, and China may continue to dominate in quantity.
China has the opportunity to lead the next generation of supercomputer
The new supercomputer of the United States may return to the top in the second half of next year, but China is not idle. According to Zhang Yunquan, currently the world's superpowers are all deploying the next generation of supercomputers, which is what the industry calls the E-level supercomputer (the speed of operation reaches 1000P). The United States will not be able to develop E-level supercomputers until at least 2021, and it may even be between 2022 and 2024. According to the normal plan, China will develop an E-class supercomputer in 2020. This time point is earlier than any other supercomputing country in the world. Plus, China is also deploying 100P supercomputers in advance and has accumulated a wealth of experience. With application experience, China has great opportunities to continue to lead in the E-class era.
Zhang Yunquan also briefed the reporter on the progress of deploying E-class supercomputers at the three national supercomputing centers, including the National Supercomputer Jinan Center. It will begin deployment next year, after which two or one of the three will be selected to eventually develop China's E-class supercomputer. â–²
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