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First, the characteristics of the disc-type tool magazine disc-type tool magazine should be called fixed address tool change tool magazine, that is, each tool position has a number, generally from 1 to 12, 18, 20, 24, etc. Knife address. After the operator installs a tool into a location, no matter how many times the tool is replaced, it is always within the location.
1. Low manufacturing costs. The main components are the tool magazine body and the indexing plate. As long as the machining accuracy of these two parts is guaranteed, the indexing of the tool magazine in the moving parts is a very classic “Ma's mechanism”, and the cylinders are mainly used for the front and rear movements. Assembly adjustment is convenient and maintenance is simple. General machine tool manufacturers can make their own.
2. The counting principle of the knife number. Generally, a non-contact switch is installed in the tool change position, and the baffle plate is mounted on the No. 1 tool position. The tool magazine must be “zeroed” every time the machine is turned on. When the tool magazine is rotating, as long as the baffle is close (the distance is about 0.3mm), there is no contact switch, and the CNC system defaults to the No. 1 knife. With this as the benchmark, the "Ma's agency" has been turned several times, and currently it is the number one knife. As long as the machine does not shut down, the current tool number is remembered. When the tool is replaced, the principle of the nearest distance rotation is generally used. The tool number is counterclockwise. If the number of magazines is 18, the current tool number is 8, and the 6th knife is required. According to the principle of the nearest distance, the magazine is counterclockwise. turn. If you want to change the No. 10 knife, the tool magazine is turned clockwise.
The tool memory is cleared after the machine is turned off.
3, fixed address tool changer library tool change time is relatively long domestic machine tools generally take more than 8 seconds (from one cut to another).
4. The total number of tools in the disc type magazine is limited. It should not be too much. Generally, there are no more than 24 handles for 40# and no more than 20 for 50#. Large gantry machines also convert the disc into a chain structure. The number of tools is up to 60.
The robot tool magazine robot tool change tool is a random address tool change. There is no number on each tool holder, and its biggest advantage is that the tool change is fast and reliable.
1. High manufacturing costs. The tool magazine has a combination of knife and chain, and the action of the robot to change the knife is controlled by a cam mechanism, and the processing of the parts is complicated. Assembly and debugging are also more complicated, usually produced by professional manufacturers, and machine tool manufacturers generally do not make them.
2. The counting principle of the knife number. Like the fixed address selection knife, it also has a reference tool number: No. 1 knife. But we can only understand it as the No. 1 knife sleeve, not the No. 1 knife in the part program: T1. There is a tool list in the system. It has two columns. One column is the tool pocket number, and one column is the current program tool number corresponding to the tool pocket number. If we make a machining program for three tools, the tool placement starts with the No. 1 knife set T1 (No. 1 knife), the No. 2 knife set T2, and the No. 3 knife set T3. We know that when the T1 is on the spindle, The T2 knife is ready. After the tool change, the T1 is replaced with the No. 2 knife sleeve. Similarly, in the T3 machining, the T2 is installed in the No. 3 knife sleeve. After a cycle, the previous tool is installed in the pocket of the next tool. The memory of the CNC system on the tool holder number and the tool number is permanent. After the machine is turned off, the tool magazine can be restored to the state before the shutdown without “zero return”. If you return to zero, you must modify the corresponding tool number in the tool holder number in the tool table.
3. The tool change time of the robot tool magazine is generally 4 seconds (from one cut to another).
4, the number of tools is generally more than the disk magazine, the conventional has 18, 20, 30, 40, 60, etc.
5. The cam box of the tool magazine should be regularly replaced with gear oil for lubrication and cooling.
Second, the choice of use Two types of tool magazines have their own advantages and disadvantages. Which one to choose? Regular selection Everyone pays attention to two points: one is the price, and the other is the occasion.
Price: Take 20 knife in 40# magazine for example. The price of the disc magazine is about 35,000, and the robot magazine is 65,000.
Use occasions: Generally, the disc type tool magazine for single-piece small-volume production is good, and the robot tool magazine for mass production is used.
In addition, everyone knows that the reliability of the robotic tool magazine is higher than that of the disc type tool magazine, but the maintenance of the disc type tool magazine is simple and convenient.
In fact, there are still some points that are easy to ignore.
1. When the tool holder of the disc type magazine is placed in the tool magazine, the 7:24 taper surface is open and has no protection. The time is long or the workshop environment is bad, and the cone surface is easy to be dirty. Affects the repeatability of the tool. The tool holder of the robotic tool magazine contains all the cones and is not easy to be dirty. It is especially good for the stability of the pupil precision of the fine boring tool.
2. The robotic tool magazine has strict requirements on the weight of the tool. Once it is overweight, the tool will be pulled out from the robot and it is dangerous. The length must also be within the required range. The space occupied by the robot is relatively large. The programmer must calculate whether the tool change will touch the fixture.
3. For the disc type tool magazine, the tool should be placed evenly around the disc, so that the center of mass is at the center of the disc as much as possible. To extend the life of the tool magazine.
4. From the perspective of weight bearing, the tool holder of the disc type tool magazine is better with 40# and 30#, and the tool holder of 50# is best to choose the robot tool magazine.
5. The robotic tool magazine is more troublesome when using large diameter tools (greater than the maximum diameter of adjacent tool positions). Either each tool is positioned the same. Either plc has specially created several tool sets as "special zones".
Third, the failure of the tool magazine The failure probability of the disc type tool magazine is higher than that of the robot tool magazine. The wearing parts are mainly damaged by the needle bearing on the fork of the "horse type mechanism", if the tool magazine is fully loaded or heavily loaded for a long time. . The rail pair will wear and the bearings in the center of the disc will wear out. But the replacement is more convenient.
The robot tool magazine mainly relies on the cam mechanism to complete the tool change action, which is simple and reliable. In normal times, just replace the oil in the cam box on time. long lasting. If the cam groove does not change after being worn to a certain extent, the tool magazine cannot be used.