The commercial use of LTE is approaching, and the industry is paying more attention to the deployment form of LTE networks. It is certain that in the LTE network, various types of small base stations will occupy a more important role. China Mobile experts said that different small-base stations in the 2G and 3G eras will play a more important role in providing large-bandwidth data services in the 4G era. The small base station will become the protagonist in the 4G network together with the macro cell base station.
LTE base station is rich in formIn the 4G era, the network faces four major challenges: strong demand for deep coverage; high quality requirements for mobile data services; high loss in high frequency bands and poor coverage; and new site difficulties. These challenges have created a need for a rich base station form. According to ABI Research, by 2014, LTE small base station shipments will exceed LTE macro base stations.
Currently, LTE base station products include macro base stations, micro base stations, pico base stations, relays, and the like. Among them, the macro base station and the micro base station can be further divided into two types: integrated and distributed. There are two types of integrated micro stations and distributed micro stations (BBU+micro RRU), and the pico base station can also be divided theoretically. Both integrated and distributed.
These different base stations will play their respective roles in future LTE networks. Li Nan of China Mobile Design Institute said that the macro base station is used in outdoor coverage scenarios and is the main station type for solving outdoor coverage. The micro-station can take full advantage of the simple engineering advantages of the installation, for blinding and heating scenes. The pico station and the station type such as femto are important solutions for indoor coverage.
At present, various system equipment manufacturers have launched representative base station solutions. The Lingyun wireless micro base station developed by Alcatel-Lucent and China Mobile is based on lightRadio technology and is currently deployed in the TD-LTE trial network in Nanjing. The point system introduced by Ericsson is very small, the device weighs only 300 grams, so small that it can be mastered by one hand, but it is enough to provide indoor network coverage for a large number of people. The Flexi Zone introduced by NSN consists of multiple interconnected low-power cells that use a shared resource pool for flexible management through regional controllers. Huawei's AtomCell and the macro station cooperate with each other. Through the collaborative networking and unique anti-jamming technology, the network capacity can be greatly improved by more than 4.7 times, which will greatly alleviate the capacity pressure brought by the MBB era.
It is worth mentioning that China Mobile proposed Nanocell in 2012, and innovatively combines TD-LTE with WLAN, mainly for data service hotspots and indoor deep coverage scenarios. According to the reporter's understanding, Nanocell is still in the pilot stage and has not yet been put into practical use. From the initial pilot effect, the Nanocell station type is in line with theoretical expectations in terms of ease of construction, flexibility, accuracy of coverage and ability to provide high capacity.
At the beginning of the network construction, the macro station was the mainIn China, TD-LTE is the first to conduct scale trials. In the trial network, various forms of LTE base stations have been applied, but since the network is still in the initial stage, the coverage is mainly based on the macro station deployment. But industry experts have said that in the future, small base stations will become the main solution.
According to experts from China Mobile Research Institute, in the initial stage of TD-LTE network deployment, the main goal is to achieve wide coverage. The penetration rate of TD-LTE terminals is not high, and the service load is not large. The demand for small base stations is mainly reflected in the supplementary coverage area and weak coverage. Therefore, the ratio is not too high. In the development stage of network deployment, with reference to the experience data of foreign LTE network operation, the service load, especially the data service load, will grow rapidly. Under the current situation that macro cell density and frequency resources are already very tight, small base stations will be the main solution and Direction of development. Due to its flexible installation, small base stations are an effective complement to macro base stations in solving the problem of coverage and capacity in special areas.
Tang Limin, director of the Wireless Institute of China Mobile Design Institute, said that the use scenarios, constraints and coordination of macro stations of small base stations require in-depth research. At present, China Mobile is conducting related research. Small base stations are not only a means of capacity improvement, but also an important means to solve weak coverage and deep coverage in specific scenarios, especially when using the 2.6G frequency band.
LTE small base stations face multiple challengesThe rich base station form of LTE brings the advantages of coverage and capacity enhancement, and also greatly increases the network complexity, which brings new challenges to operators.
The network structure is more complicated, and it will first increase the difficulty of interference control. Li Nan said that the joint deployment of multiple forms of base stations will inevitably bring a multi-layer network structure. Since TD-LTE adopts the same frequency networking, how to avoid interference between cells is a challenge that will be faced in the future.
Secondly, the small base station deployment puts forward higher requirements for transmission. Currently, the common LTE base station mainly adopts PTN transmission, and requires a special transmission equipment, and the transmission equipment needs a separate environment. The wide application of small base stations needs to solve the solution of antenna and transmission integration.
At the same time, in order to give full play to the role of small base stations, it is necessary to do macro and micro coordination. At present, most of the HetNet solutions in the industry generally adopt a macro base station and a small base station in the same frequency grouping manner, and cooperate with the small base station to eliminate interference. To a certain extent, the small base station is an extension and enhanced capacity mode of the macro base station, not a simple superimposed network, which minimizes interference.
Even so, it is not easy to completely solve these problems. If you want to do a good job of coordination between small base stations and macro networks, you must require standardization and collaboration among vendors to achieve network equipment collaboration between different vendors. Therefore, the macro base station, the small base station, the micro base station hybrid networking, and the stereo networking have also become hotspots in the industry.
The deployment of small base stations also poses new challenges for network management and operation and maintenance. The SON technology with self-organizing, self-managing, and self-healing functions is hot. However, due to the complexity of research and development, there is still no satisfactory SON solution. Some experts even pointed out that this method should be abandoned. But SON is currently the only way to manage heterogeneous networks.
LTE small base station deployment faces four major challengesInterference control:
The LTE small-station deployment increases the network complexity. Because of the same-frequency networking, inter-cell interference problems cannot be avoided.
Transmission resources:
A large number of LTE small base stations deployed in various forms will test the transmission resources of operators. In the current experiment, transmission resource shortage is the most realistic problem.
Macro-micro collaboration:
The future LTE network will be heterogeneous. If you can do macro and micro collaboration, it will play a multiplier role. If you don't do well, the network experience will be greatly reduced.
Operation and maintenance management:
LTE application of multiple forms of base stations will double the network operation and maintenance management work, so it is necessary to improve the automation of operation and maintenance management through SON. However, SON's research and development is very complicated and is a huge challenge.
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