RFID Radio Frequency Identification IdenTIficaTIon refers to the application of radio frequency identification signals to identify the target. It is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically recognizes the target object through radio frequency signals and obtains relevant data identification work. It can work in various bad without manual intervention. surroundings.
RFID radio frequency identification system is regarded as one of the most important top ten technologies in this century, but this technology has existed for a long time. As early as during the Second World War, the military in order to distinguish the enemy from its own aircraft. This RFID technology was used; since the 1970s, the US federal government has begun to label such nuclear materials to track their whereabouts; in the 1980s, warehouses of some commercial companies began to use It determines the location of the container; as time goes by and the cost of RFID decreases, until around 1997, RFID technology really began to get rid of the traditional role and was widely adopted by more industries. But until Wal-Mart asked its top 100 suppliers to fully affix the goods to RFID tags, an RFID storm began.
1 Principles and characteristics of RFIDThe simplest RFID system consists of the electronic tag Tag reader Reader and the antenna Antenna. In practical applications, other hardware and software support is required. The working principle is not complicated: after the tag enters the magnetic field, it receives the RF generated by the reader. The signal transmits the product information stored in the chip by the energy obtained by the induced current, or actively transmits a signal of a certain frequency; the reader reads the information and decodes it, and sends it to the central information system for data processing.
1 electronic tag Tag, ie RF card
Is it the true carrier of RFID systems? Is it mounted on the identified object, storing electronic data in a certain format, that is, detailed information about the object? Each tag has a unique electronic code that is equivalent to a bar code symbol in bar code technology, but the difference must be that the stored information can be transmitted automatically or semi-automatically? Is the electronic tag composed of a tag antenna and a tag chip? The tag chip is a single-chip system S0C with wireless transceiving function and storage function, in which encoded data of an agreed format is stored, which is used to uniquely identify the attached object. It is the data carrier of the RFID system, with the ability to intelligently read and write and encrypt communications.
2 reader (Reader)
The reader is a device responsible for reading or writing tag information. It can automatically read the electronic data stored in the electronic tag in a contactless manner, and is an RFID system information control and processing center. There is a communication protocol between the reader and the electronic tag, and the information is transmitted to each other. Whenever an object with an electronic tag passes through its reading range, it transmits a radio wave to the tag, and then the tag returns the information of the object stored by itself, and the whole process is non-contact. A typical reader includes a control module, a radio frequency module, an interface module, and a reader antenna. In addition, many readers have an additional interface î—¤RS232? RS485 Ethernet interface, etc., in order to pass the obtained data to the application system or receive commands from the application system.
3 antenna Antenna
The antenna transmits the radio frequency signal between the electronic tag and the interpreter. The antenna connected to the interpreter is generally in the form of a door frame and placed at the passage of the object to be tested. On the one hand, the passive electronic tag transmits radio signals to provide power to activate. Electronic tags; on the other hand, they also receive information from electronic tags, and each electronic tag also has its own micro-shaped antenna for communication with the reader.
2 Advantages of RFIDCompared with bar codes, RFID technology has different scopes of application. Conceptually, the two are similar, and the purpose is to quickly and accurately confirm the tracking target object. The biggest difference between the two is that the barcode is “visual technologyâ€. The role of RFID tags is not limited to the field of view, because the information is transmitted by radio waves, the data can be read without the need of a light source or even through the outer packaging, in addition, the RFID technology is compared with the traditional bar code. It also has the advantages of fast recognition speed, large data capacity, long service life, wide application range, dynamic change of tag data, and dynamic real-time communication.
3 RFID tag application in packaging anti-counterfeitingRFID technology can be applied to the payment system of the retail industry. PaymentSystem thinks that in the hypermarket or supermarket, the most troublesome thing is to check out, but the RFID tag is attached to the single item, and the consumer can stride the shopping cart through the stride. After the RFID reader, you can walk out of the store without having to take the goods out of the shopping cart. No barcode scanning is required. The total price will be displayed on the screen almost immediately. The technology can also be applied to supply chain management to help retailers improve. Inventory management to increase operational efficiency. By attaching the RFID tag to the cargo box and installing the reading machine at the cargo gate, the type and quantity of the incoming goods can be automatically recognized, and the information can be immediately updated to the database, and the RFID tag can be used to monitor the shelf more easily. Inventory level for timely replenishment.
However, the field of RFID application is by no means limited to this. Another wisdom of it is its super-anti-theft function. If a customer steals an RFID-tagged item in the store, the RFID tag will automatically remind the security. At the same time, once the RFID tag is naturally damaged, the safety sensor will also inform the customer that it is not shoplifting. Of course, the biggest application of this technology is the anti-counterfeiting field of packaging. RFID technology can effectively solve the increasingly rampant product anti-counterfeiting phenomenon.
In RFID anti-counterfeiting applications, clothing anti-counterfeiting is often used. Apparel manufacturers place their own unique RFID read/write tags and produced garments in a carton. Each carton has its own unique ID code. When the production is completed to the delivery process, each carton passes through an RFID tag reader, and all carton information is read and transmitted to the PC. The PC software system will read the actual information and the carton's planned shipping items. After the comparison, it is judged whether or not the release is made. At the same time, if the carton is released, the ID number of the carton will be written to the memory of each tag and locked.
RFID technology also contributes to the counterfeiting of wine products. Today, as wine producers and distributors gradually turn their attention to radio frequency identification technology, this magical liquid seems to add a bit of "wisdom" in addition to romance. Wine manufacturers are constantly looking for new ways to promote their products. In the colorful packaging marketing, RFID will gradually become the new darling. While implementing the tracking function, it will also help to improve the product safety of the consumer supply chain, and for long-term entanglement. RFID products are also beneficial to the forgery of products in the wine industry.
In addition, drugs, documents, ticketing, logistics and many other aspects have also been favored by this anti-counterfeiting technology, but the principle of anti-counterfeiting is roughly the same: the product identification number (ID) is written in the RFID chip, this ID is in production, sales, etc. The only part of the link is that the chip is made into an electronic tag, and the electronic tag is attached to the product, making it an inseparable part of the product. When the electronic tag is "forced" to be separated from the product, the "integrity" of the product is destroyed. The goods are considered to have been "consumed" and the anti-counterfeiting ends. In the above links, through various technical means to ensure that this ID verification process is unforgeable and falsified? If the verification mechanism is forged, counterfeit goods will appear; if the verification process is tampered with, the genuine product will be "falsified" and disrupt the market? In this way, in the whole process of goods from production, circulation to consumption, there is only one commodity with the unique verification means identified by the unique ID, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-counterfeiting.
4 RFID technology is continuously optimizedRFID technology, driven by application requirements, in turn greatly facilitates the expansion of application requirements. From a technical point of view, the development of RFID technology benefits from the comprehensive development of a number of technologies. The key technologies involved include: chip technology, antenna technology, wireless transceiver technology, data conversion and coding technology, and electromagnetic propagation characteristics.
1 RFID tag, the electronic tag chip requires less power consumption, passive tag, semi-passive tag technology is more mature, its role will be farther, wireless read and write performance will be more perfect, and can be suitable for high speed Moving object recognition, recognition speed will also be faster, with fast multi-label reading and writing function, better consistency, at the same time, the protection ability under strong field will be more perfect, more intelligent and lower cost.
2 RFID reader, multi-function reader, including integration with barcode recognition, unlimited data transmission? Features such as working offline will be used more. Readers will move toward miniaturization, portable, embedded, and modularization, and the cost will be cheaper and the application range will be wider.
3 RFID antennas, through the cooperation and development of more than a dozen companies such as McAndy Instruments in the United States, the integrated production of printed antennas and packages on the McAndy flexographic printing press, fully commercialized, already in North America More than a dozen lines are in normal operation, and the method of using printed conductive ink instead of etching copper antennas and in-line packaging not only reduces the cost of RFID smart labels, but also lays a foundation for efficient and mass production in the future. Therefore, RFID tags have a future development. Huge space.
4 In terms of RFID system types, low-frequency short-range systems will have higher intelligence and security features; high-frequency long-distance system performance will be more complete and lower cost; 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz systems will be more perfect; chipless systems are gradually being applied.
5 In terms of RFID standardization, the basic performance research related to RFID standards is more in-depth and mature; the standards that are finally formed and released are accepted by more enterprises; different manufacturers produce systems, and modules are more substitutable? More popular? In the future development of radio frequency identification technology, combined with other high-tech to achieve the development of single identification to multi-functional identification, it will work together with modern communication technology and computer technology to achieve cross-regional and cross-industry applications.
5 RFID technology market outlookWal-Mart's demonstration effect in RFID applications has been indispensable. The company has recently requested that all of the top 100 major suppliers to ship to major distribution facilities be equipped with RFID tags; likewise, all shipments to various distribution points are required. The products must also be identified by RFID. Wal-Mart's words and deeds will attract the attention of the whole world. Other world-renowned large-scale retail chains have also followed suit. In fact, before Wal-Mart announced the full use of RFID technology, in April 2003, Germany's largest retailer Metrotron Metro   established a "future supermarket"  FutureStore   in Rhineberg, and the use of low-cost RFID to identify goods, the German Metro Group in November 2004 began to expand the application test "Future Supermarket". Its target will include about 100 suppliers. 10 logistics outlets, as well as about 250 branches in Germany, will use RFID to track the circulation of goods from the time the supplier delivers, until the counter is placed. At the same time, Gillette, Kraft, Procter & Gamble and other large companies have also joined Metro's RFID testing. Tesc, the UK's largest retailer, has been testing for “reducing the cost of RFID reading probes through a smart shelf that can sense RFID reflections†for three months starting in June 2003. Antennas and two RFID-enabled readers, although not functionally capable of real-time reading, have greatly reduced costs, and many large application system developers such as Sun, SAP, IBM, and Microsoft have seen RFID radio frequency identification technology. Business opportunities have integrated RFID technology into their products to meet the huge demand in the future.
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