Do you know that today's cell phone processors have grown to 8- and 10-core processors? These processors require multiple cores to run many applications at the same time, graphics processors that operate games and high-quality video streams. These new processors require very high currents (sometimes more than 10A) and need to deliver this current as fast as possible.
Due to the ever-increasing number of cores, the properties of devices that power these processors are also changing. While meeting the needs of the small form factor, the real industry's most advanced power supply technology is needed. TI has several buck converters that power handset processors, such as the TPS62180, LP8758, and TPS62184. One thing that all these converters have in common is that they all perform a multiphase topology, which allows you to bind multiple outputs together while achieving high power density. TI's new LP8758 is a multiphase converter with the highest current density available on the market and can be used to power multi-core cell phone processors.
By splitting the output current to multiple outputs, a multi-phase converter has several inherent advantages over a single-output buck converter. Smaller external components, fast load transients, and lower ripple make them ideal for powering processors in personal electronics. The increase in phase or masking capability can achieve high efficiency over a wide range of load conditions. The LP8758 is the best example of the industry's most advanced multi-phase converter and is ideal for mobile processor power supplies. It features low IQ, small overall solution size, 16A peak current capability, low ripple and fast transients.
The storage of electrical energy in multiple inductors rather than in one inductor reduces the size of the inductor. This allows designers to use the LP8758 with chiplet inductors to reduce the solution size to less than 60mm2. As shown in Figure 1, each output operates slightly out of phase. Since the red and blue phase currents are out of phase, they can be combined without causing large ripple on the output.
Figure 1: Comparison of IOUT Ripples Between Single-Phase Converters and Multi-Phase Converters
The limited number of output ripples per phase reduces the required capacitance on the output, enabling smaller size capacitors and faster transient performance. Figure 2 shows the transient performance of the LP8758 when the current changes from 1A to 12A within 1μs. It can be seen that there is only about 40mV of ripple on the output voltage.
Figure 2: LP8758 transient load step response, FPWM mode
As I mentioned earlier, the LP8758 uses four output phases depending on the desired output current. To maximize efficiency, devices such as the TPS62180 and TPS62184 can also be adjusted between 1 or 2 phases. In Figure 3, you can see how phase is added or shaded to adjust load current and efficiency. For example, a cell phone processor may be operating at maximum current, where all four phases or outputs will operate to maintain high efficiency. If the processor is in a light load state when all four phases are activated, then the device will have a higher gate charge loss. Therefore, three of the phases are masked and high efficiency is achieved while operating in a single phase.
Figure 3: Relationship Between Multiphase Buck Converter Efficiency and Number of Phases
By adding or masking the phase, the multi-phase converter can maintain high efficiency regardless of whether the processor is operating under heavy load or light load, thus achieving longer battery life in mobile devices. Due to the high efficiency under different load conditions, TI's multi-phase converters provide cell phone designers with a small, high-efficiency power device with good thermal performance to power their multi-core processor.
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