The researchers estimate that if the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells can reach 15% and the service life reaches 20 years, then the power generation cost is only 7 cents per kWh. According to the US Energy Information Administration, the average cost of generating electricity in the United States in 2017 was 10.5 cents per kWh.
Organic solar cells have several advantages over traditional inorganic batteries. Silicon-based inorganic solar panels are expensive to manufacture, but carbon-based organic solar cells can be inexpensively manufactured into rolls that are thin enough to bend and distort within a building or garment and can be made in any color or even transparent. Thereby matching the surrounding environment.
However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells is relatively low, and it is only in the competition with ordinary energy sources. The first author of the study, Che Xiaozhou, said: "In the past few years, its photoelectric conversion efficiency has been hovering around 11% to 12%."
In order to make a breakthrough, the researchers have assembled a number of advances in design and technology. First, they designed a system that incorporates a dedicated layer to absorb visible and infrared light. In essence, they stacked two organic solar cells—one that absorbs light in the visible spectrum starting at 350 nm—the other that absorbs near-infrared light with wavelengths up to 950 nm. Che Xiaozhou said: "The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery itself is 10% to 11%. When they are stacked together, the light absorption increases. In addition, we also use anti-reflective coating to increase the efficiency to 15%." The team also proved that their new design, materials and process manufacturing yields are over 95%, which is important for extending the manufacturing process to the industrial level.
Researchers believe that conversion efficiency can be further improved. Che Xiaozhou explained: "You can increase the current by improving the light absorption and minimize the energy loss, thus increasing the voltage. The calculation results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of such equipment can reach 18% in the near future, which helps Solar energy is truly a ubiquitous clean energy source."
The study was published in the latest issue of Nature and Energy.
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